![[image of the Head of a GNU]](/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg)
GNU's Who
Administrivia and Copyright
Other GPL'ed Software
What Is the FSF?
What Is Copyleft?
What Is the Hurd?
Conditions for Using Bison
Freely Available Texts
First Free Software Conference
GNUs Flashes
Help from Free Software Companies
Free Software Redistributors Donate
Free Software Support
Zimmermann Legal Defense Fund Appeal
What Is the LPF?
News from the LPF
GNU & Other Free Software in Japan
Help the GNU Translation Project
Forthcoming GNUs
GNU Software
Program/Package Cross Reference
Tapes
Languages Tape
Lisps/Emacs Tape
Utilities Tape
Scheme Tape
X11 Tapes
Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite Tape
VMS Emacs and VMS Compiler Tapes
CD-ROMs
Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
MS-DOS Book with CD-ROM
Debian GNU/Linux Book with CD-ROM
Source Code CD-ROMs
December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs
June 1995 Source Code CD-ROM
November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM
MS-DOS Diskettes
DJGPP Diskettes
Emacs Diskettes
Selected Utilities Diskettes
Windows Diskette
Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service
The Deluxe Distribution
GNU Documentation
How to Get GNU Software
FSF T-shirt
Free Software for Microcomputers
Project GNU Wish List
Thank GNUs
Donations Translate Into Free Software
Cygnus Matches Donations!
Free Software Foundation Order Form
Address Page
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Miles Bader works on the Hurd with both
Michael Bushnell, p/BSG
and
Roland McGrath.
Roland also maintains make and the GNU C library.
Karl Heuer enhances GNU Emacs and is in charge of making Deluxe
Distributions.
Daniel Hagerty is our system obfuscator and release coordinator.
Melissa Weisshaus is working on special documentation projects.
Peter H. Salus has joined us temporarily to run the section First Free Software Conference, in February, 1996 in Cambridge, MA. Lisa Bloch is our Executive Director. Robert J. Chassell is our Secretary/Treasurer. Britton Bradley, Mike Drain, and Gena L. Bean have have left the FSF. We thank them all for doing excellent work.
Thanks to volunteer Scott Ewing for helping to coordinate all the volunteers in the GNU Project. Thanks to volunteer Tami Friedman for handling much administrivia here at the FSF. Richard Stallman continues as a volunteer who does countless tasks, such as Emacs maintenance. Volunteer Len Tower remains our online JOAT (jack-of-all-trades), handling mailing lists, gnUSENET newsgroups, information requests, etc.
Written and Edited by: Melissa Weisshaus, Daniel Hagerty,
Robert J. Chassell, and Leonard H. Tower Jr.
Illustrations by: Etienne Suvasa
Japanese Edition by: Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1075-7813
The GNU's Bulletin is published at the end of January and the end of June each year. Please note that there is no postal mailing list. To get a copy, send your name and address with your request to the address on the top menu. Enclosing $0.78 in U.S. Postage and/or a donation of a few dollars is appreciated but not required. If you're from outside the USA, sending a mailing label and enough International Reply Coupons for a package of about 100 grams is appreciated but not required. (Including a few extra International Reply Coupons for copying costs is also appreciated.)
Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
We maintain a list of copylefted software that we do not presently
distribute. FTP the file
`/pub/gnu/GPLedSoftware' from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software).
Please let us know of additional programs we should mention.
We don't list GNU Emacs Lisp Libraries;
host archive.cis.ohio-state.edu has a list of those you can FTP
in the file `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/LCD-datafile.Z'.
The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions on people's right to use, copy, modify, and redistribute computer programs. We do this by promoting the development and use of free software. Specifically, we are putting together a complete, integrated software system named "GNU" ("GNU's Not Unix", pronounced "guh-new") that will be upwardly compatible with Unix. Most parts of this system are already being used and distributed.
The word "free" in our name refers to freedom, not price. You may or may not pay money to get GNU software, but either way you have two specific freedoms once you get it: first, the freedom to copy a program, and distribute it to your friends and co-workers; and second, the freedom to change a program as you wish, by having full access to source code. You can study the source and learn how such programs are written. You may then be able to port it, improve it, and share your changes with others. If you redistribute GNU software you may charge a distribution fee or give it away, so long as you include the source code and the GNU General Public License; see section What Is Copyleft?, for details.
Other organizations distribute whatever free software happens to be available. By contrast, the Free Software Foundation concentrates on the development of new free software, working towards a GNU system complete enough to eliminate the need to use a proprietary system.
Besides developing GNU, the FSF distributes GNU software and manuals for a distribution fee, and accepts gifts (tax-deductible in the U.S.) to support GNU development. Most of the FSF's funds come from its distribution service.
The Board of the Foundation is: Richard M. Stallman, President;
Robert J. Chassell, Secretary/Treasurer; Gerald J. Sussman,
Harold Abelson, and Leonard H. Tower Jr., Directors.
The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the public domain, uncopyrighted. But this permits proprietary modified versions, which deny others the freedom to redistribute and modify; such versions undermine the goal of giving freedom to all users. To prevent this, copyleft uses copyrights in a novel manner. Typically, copyrights take away freedoms; copyleft preserves them. It is a legal instrument that requires those who pass on a program to include the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the code; the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable.
The copyleft used by the GNU Project is made from the combination of a regular copyright notice and the GNU General Public License (GPL). The GPL is a copying license which basically says that you have the aforementioned freedoms. An alternate form, the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL), applies to a few (but not most) GNU libraries. This license permits linking the libraries into proprietary executables under certain conditions. The appropriate license is included in each GNU source code distribution and in many manuals. Printed copies are available upon request.
We strongly encourage you to copyleft your programs and documentation, and we have made it as simple as possible for you to do so. The details on how to apply either form of GNU Public License appear at the end of each license.
The Hurd will be the foundation of the GNU system. It is a collection of
server processes that run on top of Mach, a free message-passing kernel
developed at CMU. Mach's virtual memory management facilities are also
used by the Hurd. The GNU C Library will provide the Unix system call
interface, using the Hurd servers for those services it can't provide
itself.
The Hurd will allow users to create and share useful projects without
knowing much about the internal workings of the system--projects that might
never have been attempted without freely available source, a well-designed
interface, and a multiple server design. The Hurd is thus like other
expandable FSF projects, e.g. GNU Emacs and GUILE.
Currently, there are free ports of the Mach kernel to the 386 PC, the DEC PMAX workstation, and several other machines, with more in progress, including the Amiga, PA-RISC HP 700, & DEC Alpha-3000. Contact us if you want to help with one of these or start your own. Porting the GNU Hurd & GNU C Library is easy (easier than porting GNU Emacs, certainly easier than porting the compiler) once a Mach port to a particular platform exists. Right now we are using the University of Utah's Mach distribution which we hope will be unified with the distribution produced by the Open Software Foundation.
See section GNUs Flashes for a report on recent progress.
We need help with significant Hurd related projects.
Experienced system programmers who are interested should send mail
to [email protected]. Porting the Mach kernel or the GNU C
Library to new systems is another way to help.
The Hurd is not yet ready for use, but in the meantime you can use a
GNU/Linux system.
As of Bison version 1.24, we have changed the distribution terms for
yyparse to permit using Bison's output in non-free programs.
Formerly, Bison parsers could only be used in programs that were free
software.
The other GNU tools, such as the GNU C compiler, have never had such a requirement. They could always be used for non-free software. The reason Bison was different was not due to a special policy decision; it resulted from applying the usual GNU General Public License to all of the Bison source code.
The output of the Bison utility--a parser file--contains a verbatim copy
of a sizable piece of Bison: the code for the yyparse function.
(The actions from your grammar are inserted into yyparse at one
point, but the rest of the function is not changed.) When we applied the
GPL terms to the code for yyparse, the effect was to restrict the
use of Bison output to free software.
We didn't change the terms because of sympathy for people who want to make software proprietary. Software should be free. But we concluded that limiting Bison's use to free software was doing little to encourage people to make other software free. So we decided to make the practical conditions for using Bison match the practical conditions for using the other GNU tools.
Freely redistributable information isn't just software. We have a list of groups providing various books, historical documents, and more. You can FTP the list in the file `/pub/gnu/FreelyAvailableTexts' from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software). Please let either address on the top menu know of additional entries.
The Free Software Foundation is holding the First Conference on Freely Redistributable Software on February 2-5, 1996, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the Cambridge Center Marriott. Over the past 15 years, free software has become ubiquitous. This Conference is bringing together implementors of several types of freely redistributable software.
The program on Sunday, Feb. 4 includes keynote speeches by Linus Torvalds & Richard Stallman, & presentations from Switzerland, France, the United Kingdom, & Germany, as well as from the United States.
Tutorials on Saturday, February 3, will be:
Linux (Phil Hughes), Expect (Don Libes), C News (Geoff Collyer & Henry Spencer), and Advanced Emacs (Richard Stallman).
Tutorials on Monday, February 5, will be:
GNU Hurd (Michael Bushnell, p/BSG), BSD Internals (Margo Seltzer & Aaron Brown), Perl (Tom Christiansen), and GCC (Richard Stallman).
For registration information, write [email protected] or
contact the FSF's Office at one of the numbers on
the top menu.
rsh, and so forth all work. The NFS client
implementation is almost finished as we go to press, and will probably be
working by the time you read this.
Look for an alpha release sometime soon; when that is ready, we will solicit
volunteers using the Hurd announcements list. To be added to this list,
send mail to [email protected].
[email protected] with a line that says
`subscribe music-pretest' in the body.
[email protected].
[email protected].
[email protected].
Lites is a usable Mach-based Unix single server based on 4.4 BSD--Lite,
originally done by CMU & HUT. x86 Lites supports binary compatibility with
GNU/Linux, NetBSD, & FreeBSD, & groks GNU/Linux filesystems. Utah distributes the
current Lites version, with binaries for x86 & PA-RISC. The PA version
runs BSD/ELF & most HP-UX binaries.
[email protected]
to get them.
phi.sinica.edu.tw has Postscript files (for A4 paper)
of GNU manuals in `/pub/aspac/gnu/', including some manuals the
FSF does not yet publish. The FSF is not responsible for these files.
gettext is now on the section Languages Tape. Termutils & Midnight
Commander
have been added to the section Utilities Tape. CLX has been added to the
section Lisps/Emacs Tape. Newer versions of many of our programs & manuals
have been placed on all the media we distribute.
ffcall,
gettext,
GN,
Gnans,
gnuserv,
Hyperbole,
Midnight Commander,
Oaklisp,
SIPP,
SNePS,
Spinner,
W3,
and
xgrabsc.
See section GNU Software, for more information about these packages.
Also on the CD-ROMs are full distributions of MIT X11R6 (both our Required &
Optional distributions), MIT Scheme 7.3, Emacs 19.30, GCC 2.7.1, and
current versions of all other GNU Software. For more information, see
section December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs.
When choosing a free software business, ask those you are considering how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can help encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.
Wingnut (SRA's special GNU support group) regularly donates a part of its income to the FSF to support the development of new GNU programs. Listing them here is our way of thanking them. Wingnut has made a pledge to donate 10% of their income to the FSF, and has purchased several Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan. Also see section Cygnus Matches Donations!.
Wingnut Project
Software Research Associates, Inc.
1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102, Japan
Phone: (+81-3)3234-2611
Fax: (+81-3)3942-5174
E-mail: [email protected]
WWW: `http://www.sra.co.jp/public/sra/product/wingnut/'
The SNOW 2.1 CD producers added the words "Includes $5 donation to the
FSF" to the front of their CD. Potential buyers will know just how
much of the price is for the FSF & how much is for the redistributor.
The Sun Users Group Deutschland & ASCII Corporation (Japan)
have added donations to the FSF to the price of their next GNU
software CD-ROMs.
Austin Code Works, a free software redistributor, supports
free software development by giving the FSF 20% of the selling price for
the GNU software CDs they produce & sell.
Walnut Creek CDROM & Info Magic,
free software redistributors, are also giving us part of
their selling price.
TOHDO-SHA is donating 400 yen to the FSF for each copy of
The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, Japanese Edition
sold at bookstores in Japan.
CQ Publishing made a large donation from the sales of their
GAWK book in Japanese.
In the long run, the success of free software depends on how much new free
software people develop. Free software distribution offers an opportunity
to raise funds for such development in an ethical way. These
redistributors have made use of the opportunity. Many others let it go to
waste.
You can help promote free software development by convincing for-a-fee
redistributors to contribute--either by doing development themselves
or by donating to development organizations (the FSF and others).
The way to convince distributors to contribute is to demand and expect this of them. This means choosing among distributors partly by how much they give to free software development. Then you can show distributors they must compete to be the one who gives the most.
To make this work, you must insist on numbers that you can compare, such as, "We will give ten dollars to the Foobar project for each disk sold." A vague commitment, such as "A portion of the profits is donated," doesn't give you a basis for comparison. Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit.
Also, press developers for firm information about what kind of development they do or support. Some kinds make much more long-term difference than others. For example, maintaining a separate version of a GNU program contributes very little; maintaining a program on behalf of the GNU Project contributes much. Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU compiler or Mach contribute more; major new features and programs contribute the most.
By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can assure a steady flow of resources for making more free software.
The Free Software Foundation does not provide technical support. Our mission is developing software, because that is the most time-efficient way to increase what free software can do. We leave it to others to earn a living providing support. We see programmers as providing a service, much as doctors and lawyers do now; both medical and legal knowledge are freely redistributable, but their practitioners charge for service.
The GNU Service Directory is a list of people who offer support and other consulting services. It is in the file `etc/SERVICE' in the GNU Emacs distribution, `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution, and `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software). Contact us to get a copy or to be listed in it. Those service providers who share their income with the FSF are listed in section Help from Free Software Companies.
If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. We have
many Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements, and questions.
They are also gatewayed into USENET news as the gnu.* newsgroups.
You can request a list of the mailing lists from either address on
the top menu.
When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem. While our bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not; they are part of preparing a new improved version. We may send you a patch for a bug so that you can help us test the fix and ensure its quality. If your bug report does not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one from another user who reads our bug report mailing lists. Otherwise, use the Service Directory.
Please do not ask us to help you install software or learn how to use it--but do tell us how an installation script fails or where documentation is unclear.
If you have no Internet access, you can get mail and USENET news via UUCP. Contact a local UUCP site or a commercial UUCP site. such as:
UUNET Technologies, Inc.
3060 Williams Drive
Fairfax, VA 22031-4648
USA
Telephone: +1-800-4UUNET4
+1-703-206-5600
Fax: +1-703-206-5601
Electronic-Mail: [email protected]
A list of commercial UUCP and Internet service providers is posted
periodically to USENET in the newsgroup news.announce.newusers with
`Subject: How to become a USENET site'. You can also get it via
anonymous FTP from the host rtfm.mit.edu in the file
`How_to_become_a_USENET_site', in the directory
`/pub/usenet-by-group/news.announce.newusers'.
When choosing a service provider, ask those you are considering how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.
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Digital technology is the universal solvent of intellectual property rights
- Tom Parmenter (in DESPERADO No. 12)
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Phil Zimmermann, who wrote the public-key encryption program known as Pretty Good Privacy ("PGP") and released it on the Internet, is facing prosecution for "exporting" it out of the United States.
There is a law prohibiting the export of encryption software from the US. Zimmermann did not do this, but the U.S. Government hopes to establish that posting an encryption program on a BBS or on the Internet constitutes exporting it--in effect, stretching export control into domestic censorship.
If the U.S. Government wins, that will have a chilling effect on the free flow of information on the global network, as well as on everyone's privacy from government snooping.
Estimates are that Zimmermann's defense will cost over $100,000--and that doesn't even count lawyers' fees. To help pay this, a legal trust fund, the Philip Zimmermann Defense Fund (PZDF), has been setup. Donations are accepted by check, money order, credit card, or wire transfer; and in any currency. See `http://www.netresponse.com:80/zldf' for more information,
To send a check or money order by mail, make it payable, not to Phil Zimmermann, but to "Philip L. Dubois, Attorney Trust Account." Mail the check or money order to the following address:
Philip Dubois 2305 Broadway Boulder, CO 80304 USA Telephone: +1-303-444-3885
To send a wire transfer, your bank needs this information:
Bank: VectraBank Routing #: 107004365 Account #: 0113830 Account Name: ``Philip L. Dubois, Attorney Trust Account''
The League for Programming Freedom (LPF) aims to protect the freedom to write software. This freedom is threatened by "look-and-feel" interface copyright lawsuits and by software patents.
The League is a grass-roots organization of professors, students, business people, programmers, users, & even software companies dedicated to bringing back the freedom to write programs. The League isn't opposed to the legal system that Congress intended--copyright on individual programs. The League aims to reverse recent changes made by judges in response to special interests.
Membership dues in the League are $42 per year for programmers, managers,
and professionals; $10.50 for students; $21 for others.
To join, please send a check and the following information:
The League is not connected with the Free Software Foundation, and is not concerned with the issue of free software. The FSF supports the League because, like any software developer smaller than Microsoft, it is endangered by software patents, and interface copyrights. You are in danger, too! It would be easy to ignore the problem until you or your employer is sued, but it is more prudent to organize before that happens.
If you haven't made up your mind yet, write to the League for more information:
League for Programming Freedom One Kendall Square - #143 P.O. Box 9171 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Telephone: +1-617-621-7084 Electronic-Mail:[email protected]WWW: `http://www.lpf.org/' FTP:ftp.uu.net:/doc/lpf
by Dean Anderson, President, League for Programming Freedom
In the last GNU's Bulletin, we said the LPF would file an Amicus Brief with the Supreme Court. In fact, we went one better by collecting a very impressive list of over 80 signatures of prominent computer scientists. We also wrote & filed a brief on behalf of the LPF, & contributed to another brief filed on behalf of an ad-hoc organization ("Computer Scientists in support of Respondent"). LPF members contributed significantly to both briefs, and both are very solid. The LPF will add the text of these briefs & some others to our web site.
Ignis Technology has graciously given the LPF office space. We will announce our new phone and fax numbers in January on `http://www.lpf.org/'.
Win or lose in the Supreme Court, the next battle the LPF fights will be in the Congress. It seems unlikely (though not impossible, so we'll keep trying) that the Courts or the Patent & Trademark Office will reverse the current software patent situation. If we lose in the Supreme Court, we will have to try to change the copyright law as well. Therefore, it is very important to get more members. Membership is what will get us the most clout with Congress. In the next year, we will need to gear up to promote our ideas more widely, both inside & outside of the software world. Your help & support is very important to the success of this effort, so encourage everyone you know to join the LPF!
Keep writing letters! Write the LPF, your representatives, newspapers,
journals, and others.
See our Web page at `http://www.lpf.org/' for more info on how to
help the LPF (send suggestions to [email protected]).
Mieko ([email protected]) and Nobuyuki Hikichi
([email protected]) continue to volunteer for the GNU Project
in Japan. They translate each issue of this Bulletin into Japanese and
distribute it widely, along with their translation of Version 2 of the GNU
General Public License. This translation of the GPL is authorized by the
FSF and is available by anonymous FTP from ftp.sra.co.jp in
`/pub/gnu/local-fix/GPL2-j'. They are working on a formal
translation of the GNU Library General Public License. They also solicit
donations and offer GNU software consulting.
nepoch (the Japanese version of Epoch) & MULE are available and widely
used in Japan. MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle
many character sets at once. Its features are being merged into the
principal version of Emacs. See section GNU Software, for more details on MULE.
The FSF does not distribute nepoch, but MULE is available
(see section December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs & the section Emacs Diskettes).
FTP it from sh.wide.ad.jp in `/JAPAN/mule', or
etlport.etl.go.jp in `/pub/mule'.
An anonymous user in Japan has redistributed GNU material that was left over from an FSF Tokyo seminar. He bought these items for reader presents in magazines of Gijitsu Hyouron-Sha, a publishing company.
The Village Center, Inc. prints a Japanese translation (ISBN 4-938704-02-1) of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual and puts the Texinfo source on various bulletin boards. They also publish Nobuyuki & Mieko's Think GNU (ISBN 4-938704-10-2); this may be the first non-FSF copylefted publication in Japan. They also redistribute GNU CD-ROMs at this bookstore:
Shosen Grande 1-3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101, Japan Telephone: 03-3295-0011
Part of Village Center's profits are donated to the FSF. Their address is:
Village Center, Inc. 3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101, Japan Telephone: 03-3221-3520
Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. has printed Japanese translations of the GNU Make Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9627-X) and the GAWK Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9672-8). Their address is:
Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. Nichibou Bldg. 2F 1-2-2 Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101, Japan Telephone: 03-3291-4581
There is a mailing list in Japan to discuss both hardware & software which
is under the GNU General Public License. It provides information about
making your own computer system. The main language of the list is
Japanese. If you are interested in getting information or having
discussions in English, ask [email protected] or
[email protected].
Many groups in Japan now distribute GNU software. They include JUG, a PC user group; ASCII, a periodical and book publisher; the Fujitsu FM Towns users group; and SRA's special GNU users' support group, Wingnut, who also purchased the first Deluxe Distribution package in Japan. (Since then, there have been several other purchases of Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan.)
It is easy to place an order directly with the FSF from Japan, thus funding
new software. To get an FSF Order Form written in Japanese, ask
[email protected].
We encourage you to buy software on tapes or CDs:
for example, 140 CD-ROM orders at the
corporate rate allow the FSF to hire a programmer for a year to write more
free software.
Many programs in the field of parallel processing and knowledge processing were released to the public under the name of "ICOT Free Software (IFS)" in the Fifth Generation Computer Systems project. IFS was an 11-year Japanese project started in 1982 and FGCS was its 2-year follow-on project.
These programs have been accessed by more than 3,300 persons and almost 18,000 files have been transferred since their first release in 1992. As ICOT was wound up in June, 1995, maintenance and further development of IFS was transferred to Japan Information Processing Development Center (JIPDEC). JIPDEC established a new research institute called "Laboratory for Advanced Information Technology". The Laboratory not only maintains, develops, and distributes IFS, but also develops parallel knowledge processing software in collaboration with several Japanese universities. Newly developed software will be released to the public with conditions similar to those of IFS.
For now, the domain name will remain icot.or.jp. For more
information, please consult URL `http://www.icot.or.jp/'.
GNU is going international! Our Translation Project gets
users, translators, and maintainers together, so GNU will gradually
speak many native languages.
To complete the GNU Translation Project, we need many people who
like their own language and write it well, and who are also able to
synergize with other translators speaking the same language as part of
"translation teams".
If you want to start a new team, or want more information on existing teams
or other aspects of this project, write
[email protected]. Also see section GNU Software,
for information about gettext, the tool the GNU Translation
Project uses to help translators and programmers.
Information about the current status of released GNU programs can be found in section GNU Software. Here is some news of future plans.
locale & localedef
programs, & catalogs for displaying program messages in languages other
than English. The library now builds as a shared library for systems that
use the ELF object file format. Included is the run-time loader
ld.so which sets up the shared libraries when a program runs; it
works now with the Hurd & Linux kernels, and is easy to port to other ELF
systems such as SVR4 & Solaris 2.
[email protected]. Check
`http://www.gnustep.org/gnustep' for more
info.
recode (For current status, see section GNU Software)
The next recode release should give more flexible control over
encodings of charsets, offer MIME conversions, & handle ISO-10646
(Unicode). It will install a library & support files to help work towards
internationalizing GNU.
ptx (For current status, see section GNU Software)
The next release of ptx should offer contextualized support for SGML
texts, as the first step towards a major overhaul for that package.
[email protected].
[email protected].
cs.nyu.edu in `/pub/gnat'. SGI and
Digital have chosen GNU Ada as the Ada compiler for certain systems.
News about
GNAT is posted to the USENET newsgroup comp.lang.ada.
f2c & GCC, see section GNU Software)
The GNU Fortran (g77) front end is stable, but work is needed to
bring its overall packaging, feature set, & performance up to the levels
the Fortran community expects. Tasks to be done include: improving
documentation & diagnostics; speeding up compilation, especially
for large initialized data tables; implementing INTEGER*2,
INTEGER*8, & similar features; allowing intrinsics in PARAMETER
statements; & providing debug information on COMMON & EQUIVALENCE
variables. We don't know when these things will be done,
but hope some will be finished in the coming months. You can speed
progress by working on them or by offering funding.
A mailing list exists for announcements about g77. To subscribe,
ask [email protected]. To contact the
developer of g77 or get current status, write or finger
[email protected].
gmp (For current status, see section GNU Software)
The next version of the GNU mp library, 2.0, will have arbitrary
precision floating point arithmetic, and expanded support for integer and
rational number arithmetic. gmp 2.0 is up to 4 times faster than
previous versions. In particular, the speed of multiplication, division,
and GCD has improved.
[email protected] or contact the FSF.
All our software is available via FTP; see section How to Get GNU Software. We also offer software on various media and printed documentation:
In these articles describing the contents of each medium, the version number listed after each program name was current when we published this Bulletin. When you order a distribution tape, diskette, or newer CD-ROM, some of the programs may be newer and therefore the version number higher. See the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form, for ordering information.
Some of the contents of our tape and FTP distributions are compressed. We
have software on our tapes and FTP sites to uncompress these files. Due to
patent troubles with compress, we use another compression program,
gzip. (Such prohibitions on software development are fought by the
League for Programming Freedom; see section What Is the LPF?, for details.)
GNU make is on several of our tapes because some system vendors
supply no make utility at all and some native make programs
lack the VPATH feature essential for using the GNU configure system
to its full extent. The GNU make sources have a shell script to
build make itself on such systems.
We welcome all bug reports and enhancements sent to the appropriate electronic mailing list (see section Free Software Support).
We are using, Autoconf, a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software
packages in order to compile them (see "Autoconf"
below, in this article). The goal is to have all GNU software support the
same alternatives for naming machine and system types.
Ultimately, it will be possible to configure and build the entire system
all at once, eliminating the need to configure each individual package
separately.
You can also specify both the host and target system to build
cross-compilation tools.
Most GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated configure scripts.
For future programs and features, see section Forthcoming GNUs.
Key to cross reference:
BinCD December 1995 Binaries CD-ROM DjgpD Djgpp Diskettes DosBC MS-DOS Book with CD-ROM EmcsD Emacs Diskettes LangT Languages Tape LiteT 4.4BSD-Lite Tape LspEmcT Lisps/Emacs Tape SchmT Scheme Tape SrcCD December 1995 Source CD-ROMs UtilD Selected Utilities Diskettes UtilT Utilities Tape VMSCmpT VMS Compiler Tape VMSEmcsT VMS Emacs Tape WdwsD Windows Diskette X11OptT X11 Optional Tape X11ReqT X11 Required Tape
[FSFman] shows that we sell a manual for that package. [FSFrc] shows we sell a reference card for that package. To order them, see the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form. See section GNU Documentation, for more information on the manuals. Source code for each manual or reference card is included with each package.
acm (SrcCD, UtilT)
acm is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer aerial combat simulation that
runs under the X Window System. Players engage in air to air combat
against one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons.
We are working on a more accurate simulation of real airplane flight
characteristics.
m4 macro calls. Autoconf
requires GNU m4 to operate, but the resulting configure scripts it
generates do not.
sh and offers many extensions found in csh and
ksh. BASH has job control, csh-style command history,
command-line editing (with Emacs and vi modes built-in, and the
ability to rebind keys) via the readline library. BASH conforms to the
POSIX 1003.2-1992 standard.
bc (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
bc is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision
numbers. GNU bc follows the POSIX 1003.2-1992
standard, with several extensions including multi-character variable names,
an else statement, and full Boolean expressions.
The RPN calculator dc is now distributed as part of the same
package, but GNU bc is not implemented as a dc preprocessor.
ld or GDB) to support many
different formats in a clean way. BFD provides a portable interface, so
that only BFD needs to know the details of a particular format. One result
is that all programs using BFD will support formats such as a.out, COFF,
and ELF. BFD comes with Texinfo source for a manual (not yet
published on paper).
gas only on VMSCmpT)
Binutils includes these programs:
ar,
c++filt,
demangle,
gas,
gprof,
ld,
nlmconv,
nm,
objcopy,
objdump,
ranlib,
size,
strings,
&
strip.
Binutils version 2 uses the BFD library. The GNU assembler, gas,
supports the a29k, Alpha, H8/300, H8/500, HP-PA, i386, i960, m68k, m88k, MIPS,
NS32K, SH, SPARC, Tahoe, Vax and Z8000 CPUs, and attempts to be compatible
with many other assemblers for Unix and embedded systems. It can produce
mixed C-and-assembly listings, and includes a macro facility similar to
that in some other assemblers. GNU's linker ld emits source-line
numbered error messages for multiply-defined symbols and undefined
references, and interprets a superset of AT&T's Linker Command Language,
which gives control over where segments are placed in memory.
nlmconv converts object files into Novell NetWare Loadable Modules.
objdump can disassemble code for most of the CPUs listed above, and
can display other data (e.g., symbols and relocations) from any file format
read by BFD.
yacc. Texinfo source for the Bison Manual
and reference card are included. See section GNU Documentation.
malloc which
wastes less memory than the old GNU version. The GNU regular-expression
functions (regex and rx) now nearly conform to the POSIX 1003.2
standard.
GNU stdio lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a
few C functions. The fmemopen function uses this to open a
stream on a string, which can grow as necessary. You can define your
own printf formats to use a C function you have written. For
example, you can safely use format strings from user input to implement
a printf-like function for another programming language.
Extended getopt functions are already used to parse options,
including long options, in many GNU utilities.
The C Library runs on Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1 or Solaris 2), HP
9000/300 (4.3BSD), SONY News 800 (NewsOS 3 or 4), MIPS DECstation (Ultrix
4), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), i386/i486/Pentium (System V, SVR4, BSD, SCO 3.2, &
SCO ODT 2.0),
Sequent Symmetry i386 (Dynix 3), & SGI (Irix 4). See section Forthcoming GNUs. Texinfo source for the GNU C Library Reference Manual is
included (see section GNU Documentation.
gnuplot, & comes with source for a manual & reference card
(see section GNU Documentation).
cfengine (SrcCD, UtilT)
cfengine is used for maintaining site-wide configuration of a
heterogeneous Unix network using a simple high level language. Its
appearance is similar to rdist, but also allows many more operations
to be performed automatically.
See Mark Burgess, "A Site Configuration Engine", Computing
Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3 (ask [email protected] how to
get a copy).
xboard.
[email protected] &
general comments to [email protected].
cpio (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
cpio is an archive program with all the features of SVR4
cpio, including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 ustar
standard. mt, a program to position magnetic tapes, is included with
cpio.
[email protected] how to get a copy.)
expect, which runs scripts to conduct dialogs
with programs.
diff compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
flexible formats. It is much faster than traditional Unix versions. The
Diffutils package contains diff, diff3, sdiff, &
cmp.
Recent improvements include more consistent handling of character sets and
a new diff option to do all input/output in binary; this is useful
on some non-POSIX hosts. Plans for the Diffutils package include support
for internationalization (e.g., error messages in Chinese) and for some
non-Unix PC environments.
flex, & Binutils. Full source code is provided.
It needs at least 5MB of hard disk space to install & 512K
of RAM to use.
It supports SVGA (up to 1024x768),
XMS & VDISK memory allocation,
himem.sys,
VCPI (e.g., QEMM, DESQview, & 386MAX), &
DPMI (e.g., Windows 3.x, OS/2, QEMM, & QDPMI).
The FSF offers it on the section December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, and
on the section DJGPP Diskettes. FTP from `oak.oakland.edu' in
`/simtel/vendors/djgpp/' (or another SimTel mirror site).
[email protected].
dld (LangT, SrcCD)
dld is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho. Linking your
program with the dld library allows you to dynamically load object
files into the running binary. Currently supported are VAX (Ultrix), Sun 3
(SunOS 3.4 & 4.0), SPARC (SunOS 4.0), Sequent Symmetry (Dynix), & Atari ST.
doschk (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
This program is a utility to help software developers ensure
that their source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms with
14-character filenames and on MS-DOS systems with 8+3 character filenames.
ecc (LangT, SrcCD)
ecc is a Reed-Solomon error correction checking program, which can
correct three byte errors in a block of 255 bytes and detect more severe
errors. Contact [email protected] for more information.
ed (SrcCD, UtilT)
ed is the standard text editor.
It is line-oriented and can be used interactively or in scripts.
archive.cis.ohio-state.edu in
`/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive'.
es (SrcCD, UtilT)
es is an extensible shell (based on rc) with first class
functions, lexical scope, exceptions and rich return values (i.e.,
functions can return values other than just numbers). es's
extensibility comes from the ability to modify and extend the shell's
built-in services, such as path searching and redirection. Like rc,
it is great for both interactive use and scripting, particularly since
its quoting rules are much less baroque than the C and Bourne shells.
f2c (LangT, SrcCD)
f2c converts Fortran-77 source into C or C++, which can be
compiled with GCC or G++. Get bug fixes by FTP from site
netlib.att.com or by email from
[email protected]. See the file
`/netlib/f2c/readme.Z' for a summary.
Also see the GNU Fortran item later in this article, and in
section Forthcoming GNUs.
ffcall (SrcCD)
ffcall is a C library for implementing foreign function calls in
embedded interpreters by Bill Triggs and Bruno Haible. It allows C
functions with arbitrary argument lists and return types to be called
or emulated (callbacks).
chgrp,
chmod,
chown,
cp,
dd,
df,
dir,
du,
install,
ln,
ls,
mkdir,
mkfifo,
mknod,
mv,
rm,
rmdir,
sync,
touch,
&
vdir.
find is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations on
them. Also included are locate, which scans a database for file
names that match a pattern, and xargs, which applies a command to a
list of files.
flex (BinCD, DjgpD, DosBC, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD) [FSFman, FSFrc]
flex is a replacement for the lex scanner generator.
flex was written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
and generates far more efficient scanners than lex does.
Sources for the Flex Manual and reference card are included
(see section GNU Documentation).
g77) See section Forthcoming GNUs (LangT, SrcCD)
GNU Fortran (g77), developed by Craig Burley, is available for
public beta testing on the Internet. For now, g77 produces code
that is mostly object-compatible with f2c & uses the same
run-time library (libf2c).
bpltobzr,
bzrto,
charspace,
fontconvert,
gsrenderfont,
imageto,
imgrotate,
limn,
&
xbfe.
awk. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other
awk implementations. Texinfo source for the GAWK Manual
comes with the software (see section GNU Documentation).
object, but see "GNUStep" in
section Forthcoming GNUs).
As much as possible,
G++ is kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard, but not
with cfront (AT&T's compiler), which has been diverging from ANSI.
The GNU C Compiler is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which
performs automatic register allocation, common sub-expression
elimination, invariant code motion from loops, induction variable
optimizations, constant propagation and copy propagation, delayed
popping of function call arguments, tail recursion elimination,
integration of inline functions and frame pointer elimination,
instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, a certain
amount of common subexpression elimination (CSE) between basic blocks
(though not all of the supported machine descriptions provide for
scheduling or delay slots), a feature for assigning attributes to
instructions, and many local optimizations that are automatically
deduced from the machine description.
GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type long long
int). It supports extended floating point (type long double) on
the 68k; other machines will follow.
GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional C, & GNU C extensions (including:
nested functions support, nonlocal gotos, & taking the address of a label).
GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF, & OSF-Rose files when used with a
suitable assembler. It can produce debugging information in these
formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs, & DWARF.
GCC generates code for many CPUs, including the
a29k,
Alpha
ARM
AT&T
DSP1610
Clipper
Convex cN
Elxsi
Fujitsu Gmicro
i370,
i860,
i960,
MIL-STD-1750a,
MIPS,
ns32k,
PDP-11,
Pyramid,
ROMP,
RS/6000,
SH,
SPUR,
Tahoe,
VAX,
&
we32k.
Position-independent code is generated for the
Clipper,
Hitachi H8/300,
HP--PA (1.0 & 1.1),
i386/i486/Pentium,
m68k,
m88k,
SPARC,
&
SPARClite.
Operating systems supported include:
GNU/Hurd,
GNU/Linux,
ACIS,
AIX,
AOS,
BSD,
Clix,
Concentrix,
Ctix,
DG/UX,
Dynix,
FreeBSD,
Genix,
HP-UX,
Irix,
ISC,
Luna,
LynxOS,
Minix,
NetBSD,
NewsOS,
NeXTStep,
OS/2,
OSF,
OSF-Rose,
RISCOS,
SCO,
Solaris 2,
SunOS 4,
System/370,
SysV,
Ultrix,
Unos,
VMS,
&
Windows/NT.
Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
easy as building a native compiler.
Version 1 of GCC, G++, & libg++ are no longer maintained.
Texinfo source for the Using and Porting GNU CC manual,
is included with GCC (see section GNU Documentation).
gdbtk (FTP it from
ftp.cygnus.com in directory `/pub/gdb'); and
xxgdb (FTP it from ftp.x.org in directory
`/contrib/utilities').
Executable files and symbol tables are read via the BFD library, which
allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with multiple object file
formats (e.g., a.out, COFF, ELF). Other features include a rich command
language, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints
(breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes).
GDB uses a standard remote interface to a simulator library which (so far)
has simulators for the
Hitachi H8/300, H8/500, Super-H, & Zilog Z8001/2.
GDB can perform cross-debugging. To say that GDB targets a platform
means it can perform native or cross-debugging for it. To say that GDB can
host a given platform means that it can be built on it, but cannot
necessarily debug native programs.
gdbm (LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)
gdbm is the GNU replacement for the traditional dbm and
ndbm libraries. It implements a database using quick lookup by
hashing. gdbm does not ordinarily make sparse files (unlike its
Unix and BSD counterparts).
gettext (LangT, SrcCD)
The GNU gettext tool set contains everything maintainers need to
internationalize a package for messages, tools that help translators
localize messages to their native
language, once a package has been internationalized.
See section Help the GNU Translation Project.
enscript); a
utility to extract the text from a Postscript language document; a much more
reliable (and faster) MS Windows implementation; support for
MS C/C++ 7.0; drivers for many new printers
( e.g. the SPARCprinter),
& for TIFF/F (Fax) file format; many more Postscript Level
2 facilities, including most of the color space facilities (but not
patterns); & the ability to switch between Level 1 & Level 2
dynamically. Version 2.6.2 adds a LaserJet 4 driver & several
important bug fixes to version 2.6.1.
Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript language by writing
directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to files for
printing later or manipulating with other graphics programs.
[email protected], created Ghostview, a
previewer for multi-page files with an X Window interface. Ghostview &
Ghostscript work together; Ghostview creates a viewing window & Ghostscript
draws in it.
gmp See section Forthcoming GNUs (LangT, SrcCD)
GNU mp is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed
integers and rational numbers. It has a rich set of functions with a
regular interface.
gnuplot (SrcCD, UtilT, WdwsD)
gnuplot is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
expressions and data. It plots both curves (2 dimensions) & surfaces (3
dimensions). Curiously, it was neither written nor named for the GNU
Project; the name is a coincidence. Various GNU programs use
gnuplot.
gnuserv (LspEmcT, SrcCD)
gnuserv is a enhanced version of Emacs' emacsclient
program. It lets the user direct a running Emacs to edit files or
evaluate arbitrary Emacs Lisp constructs from another process.
gperf (LangT, SrcCD)
gperf generates perfect hash tables.
The C version is in package cperf.
The C++ version is in libg++.
Both produce hash functions in either C or C++.
spline interpolation program; examples
of shell scripts using graph and plot; a statistics
toolkit; and output in TekniCAD TDA and ln03 file formats. Email bugs or
queries to Rich Murphey, [email protected].
grep, egrep, and fgrep, which find
lines that match entered patterns. They are much faster than the
traditional Unix versions.
troff &
includes:
eqn,
nroff,
pic,
refer,
tbl,
troff;
the
man,
ms,
&
mm macros;
& drivers for Postscript, TeX dvi format, and typewriter-like
devices. Groff's mm macro package is almost compatible with the DWB
mm macros with several extensions. Also included is a modified
version of the Berkeley me macros and an enhanced version of the X11
xditview previewer.
A driver for the LaserJet 4 series of printers is currently in test.
Written in C++, these programs can be compiled with GNU C++ Version
2.5 or later.
Groff users are encouraged to contribute enhancements. Most needed
are complete Texinfo documentation, a grap emulation (a pic
preprocessor for typesetting graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar
to pm (see Computing Systems, Vol. 2, No. 2; ask
[email protected] how to get a copy), and an ASCII
output class for pic to integrate pic with
Texinfo. Questions and bug reports from users who have read the
documentation provided with Groff can be sent to
[email protected].
gzip (DjgpD, DosBC, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilT)
gzip can expand LZW-compressed files but uses another, unpatented
algorithm for compression which generally produces better results. It also
expands files compressed with System V's pack program.
hello (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
The GNU hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting. It
allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which would
otherwise be unavailable to them. Because it is protected by the GNU
General Public License, users are free to share and change it.
hello is also a good example of a program that meets the GNU coding
standards.
Like any truly useful program, hello contains a built-in mail
reader.
hp2xx (SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU hp2xx reads HP-GL files, decomposes all drawing commands into
elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector and raster
output formats. It is also an HP-GL previewer. Currently supported vector
formats include encapsulated Postscript, Uniplex RGIP, Metafont, various
special TeX-related formats, and simplified HP-GL (line drawing only)
for imports. Raster formats supported include IMG, PBM, PCX, & HP-PCL
(including Deskjet & DJ5xxC support). Previewers work under X11 (Unix),
OS/2 (PM & full screen), & MS-DOS (SVGA, VGA, & HGC).
indent (DosBC, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)
GNU indent formats C source code into the GNU indentation style. It
also has options to output BSD, K&R, or your own special style. GNU
indent is more robust & provides more functionality than other
such programs, including handling C++ comments. It runs on a number of
systems, including DOS & VMS.
([email protected]). See JACAL's documentation at
`http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/'.
JACAL is written in Scheme using the SLIB portable Scheme Library.
It comes with SCM, an IEEE P1178 & R4RS compliant version of Scheme
written in C. SCM runs on Amiga, Atari-ST, MS-DOS, OS/2, NOS/VE,
Unicos, VMS, Unix, & similar systems.
Aubrey Jaffer 84 Pleasant Street Wakefield, MA 01880-1846 USA
less (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
less is a display paginator similar to more and pg, but
with various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) that most
pagers lack.
m4 (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
GNU m4 is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (e.g.,
handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros). m4 also has
built-in functions for including files, running shell commands, doing
arithmetic, etc.
make (BinCD,DjgpD,DosBC,LangT,LspEmcT,SrcCD,UtilD,UtilT)[FSFman]
GNU make supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure
features of the BSD and System V versions of make. GNU extensions
include long options, parallel compilation, flexible implicit pattern
rules, conditional execution, & powerful text manipulation functions.
Texinfo source for the Make Manual comes with the program (see section GNU Documentation).
mc) (SrcCD, UtilT)
The Midnight Commander is a user friendly and colorful Unix file
manager and shell, useful to novice and guru alike. It has a
built-in virtual file system that allows the user to manipulate files
inside tar files (both regular and compressed) or files on remote
machines using the FTP protocol.
mkisofs (SrcCD, UtilT)
mkisofs is a pre-mastering program to generate an ISO 9660 file system.
It takes a snapshot of a directory tree, and makes a binary
image which corresponds to an ISO 9660 file system when written to a
block device.
cdwrite, which can take an image from
mkisofs and write it to a Phillips CD recorder system attached to a
GNU/Linux system.
ncurses (LangT, SrcCD)
ncurses is an implementation of the Unix curses library for
developing screen based programs that are terminal independent.
nvi (SrcCD, UtilT)
nvi is a free implementation of the vi/ex Unix editor.
It has most of the functionality of the original vi/ex,
except "open" mode & the lisp option, which will be added.
Enhancements over vi/ex include split screens with multiple
buffers, handling 8-bit data, infinite file & line lengths, tag stacks,
infinite undo, & extended regular expressions. It runs under GNU/Linux,
BSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, BSDI, AIX, HP-UX, DGUX, IRIX, PSF, PTX, Solaris,
SunOS, Ultrix, and Unixware, & should port easily to other systems.
libobjects) has general-purpose,
non-graphical Objective-C objects written by Andrew McCallum & other
volunteers. It includes collection classes for using groups of objects & C
types, I/O streams, coders for formatting objects & C types to streams,
ports for network packet transmission, distributed objects (remote object
messaging), string classes, exceptions, pseudo-random number generators, &
time handling facilities. It also includes the foundation classes for the
GNUStep project; over 70 of them have already been implemented. The
library is known to work on i386/i486/Pentiums, m68k, SPARC, MIPS, HPPA, &
RS/6000. Send queries & bug reports to [email protected].
gnuplot.
[email protected].
p2c (LangT, SrcCD)
p2c is Dave Gillespie's Pascal-to-C translator. It
inputs many different dialects (HP, ISO, Turbo, VAX, et al.)
and generates readable,
maintainable, portable C.
patch (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
patch is our version of Larry Wall's program to take diff's
output and apply those differences to an original file to generate the
modified version.
perl (DosBC, LangT, SrcCD)
Larry Wall's perl combines the features and capabilities of
sed, awk, sh, and C. It also provides
interfaces to the Unix
system calls and many C library routines.
pine (SrcCD, UtilT)
pine is a friendly menu-driven electronic mail manager and user
interface .
ptx See section Forthcoming GNUs (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
GNU ptx is our version of the traditional permuted index
generator. It handles multiple input files at once, produces TeX
compatible output, and generates readable KWIC (KeyWords In Context)
indexes without using nroff.
rc (SrcCD, UtilT)
rc is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than
csh) and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells.
It's intended to be used interactively, but is also great for writing
scripts. It inspired the shell es.
diff, RCS can handle binary
files (executables, object files, 8-bit data, etc).
RCS now conforms to GNU configuration standards and to POSIX
1003.1b-1993.
Also see the CVS item above.
recode See section Forthcoming GNUs (SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU recode converts files between character sets and usages. When
exact transliterations are not possible, it may delete the offending
characters or fall back on approximations. This program recognizes or
outputs nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transliterate
files between almost any pair. Most RFC 1345 character sets are supported.
regex (LangT, SrcCD)
The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
internationalization features. It is included in many GNU programs which
do regular expression matching & is available separately. An alternate
regular expression package, rx, is faster than regex in most
cases & will replace regex over time.
rx (LangT, SrcCD)
Tom Lord has written rx, a new regular expression library which is
faster than the older GNU regex library. It is now being
distributed with sed and tar. rx will be used in the
next releases of m4 and ptx.
screen (SrcCD, UtilT)
screen is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate
"screens" (ttys) on a single character-based terminal. Each virtual
terminal emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ISO 2022 and ISO 6429 (ECMA 48,
ANSI X3.64) functions, including color. Arbitrary keyboard input
translation is also supported. screen sessions can be detached and
resumed later on a different terminal type. Output in detached sessions is
saved for later viewing.
sed (DjgpD, DosBC, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)
sed is a stream-oriented version of ed. It comes with the
rx library.
shar makes so-called shell archives out of many files, preparing
them for transmission by electronic mail services; unshar helps
unpack these shell archives after reception. uuencode and
uudecode are POSIX compliant implementations of a pair of programs
to transform files into a format that can be safely transmitted across
a 7-bit ASCII link.
basename,
date,
dirname,
echo,
env,
expr,
false,
groups,
hostname,
id,
logname,
nice,
nohup,
pathchk,
printenv,
printf,
pwd,
sleep,
stty,
su,
tee,
test,
true,
tty,
uname,
users,
who,
whoami,
&
yes.
tar (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
GNU tar includes multi-volume support, the ability to archive sparse
files, compression/decompression, remote archives, and
special features that allow tar to be used for incremental and full
backups. GNU tar uses an early draft of the POSIX 1003.1
ustar format which is different from the final version. This
will be corrected in the future.
tput is a portable way for shell scripts to use special terminal
capabilities. tabs is a program to set hardware terminal tab
settings.
web2c
TeX package. Sources are available via anonymous ftp; retrieval
instructions are in `/pub/tex/unixtex.ftp' on ftp.cs.umb.edu.
If you receive any installation support from the University of Washington,
consider sending them a donation.
tar on either a
1/4inch 4-track QIC-24 cartridge or a 4mm DAT cartridge, send
$210.00 to:
Pierre A. MacKay
Department of Classics
DH-10, Denny Hall 218
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
USA
Electronic-Mail: [email protected]
Telephone: +1-206-543-2268
Please make checks payable to: `University of Washington'.
Do not specify any other payee. That causes accounting problems.
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makeinfo,
info,
texi2dvi,
texindex,
tex2patch,
&
fixfonts)
which generate both printed manuals & online hypertext documentation
(called "Info"), & can read online Info documents. Version 3 has both
Emacs Lisp & standalone programs written in C or shell script. Texinfo
mode for Emacs enables easy editing & updating of Texinfo files. Source
for the Texinfo Manual is included (see section GNU Documentation).
cat,
cksum,
comm,
csplit,
cut,
expand,
fmt,
fold,
head,
join,
md5sum,
nl,
od,
paste,
pr,
sort,
split,
sum,
tac,
tail,
tr,
unexpand,
uniq,
and
wc.
time (SrcCD, UtilT)
time reports (usually from a shell) the user, system, & real time
used by a process. On some systems it also reports memory usage, page
faults, etc.
ucblogo (LangT, SrcCD)
ucblogo implements the classic teaching language, Logo.
f,
g,
v (all window & packet sizes),
G,
t,
e,
Zmodem,
&
two new bidirectional (i & j) protocols.
With a BSD sockets library, it can make TCP connections. With TLI
libraries, it can make TLI connections. Source is included for a manual
(not yet published by the FSF).
wdiff (DosBC, SrcCD, UtilT)
wdiff is a front-end to GNU diff. It compares two files,
finding the words deleted or added to the first to make the
second. It has many output formats and works well with terminals and pagers.
wdiff is very useful when two texts differ only by a few words and
paragraphs have been refilled.
xboard, xshogi (SrcCD, UtilT)
xboard is an X Window interface to GNU Chess. xshogi is an X
Window interface to GNU Shogi. They use the R4 Athena widgets and Xt
Intrinsics to provide an interactive referee for managing a game between a
user & a computer opponent, or between two computers. You can also use
xboard without GNU Chess to play through games in files or to play
through games manually (force mode); in this case, moves aren't validated.
xgrabsc (SrcCD)
xgrabsc is a screen capture program similar to xwd but
providing more ways of selecting the part of the screen to capture and
different types of output: Postscript, color Postscript, xwd, bitmap,
pixmap, and puzzle.
Ygl (SrcCD, UtilT)
Ygl emulates a subset of SGI's GL (Graphics Language) library under
X11 on
GNU/Linux with XFree, AIX 3.2, ConvexOS, HP-UX, SunOS, et al.
It has most two-dimensional graphics routines, the queue device &
query routines, double buffering, RGB mode with dithering, FORTRAN
bindings, at al.
Here is a list of what package each GNU program or library is in. You can FTP the current list in the file `/pub/gnu/ProgramIndex' from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software).
* a2p perl * a2x xopt * ac bsd44 * accton bsd44 * ackpfd phttpd * acl bsd44 * acm acm * acms acm * addftinfo Groff * adventure bsd44 * afm2tfm TeX * amd bsd44 * ansitape bsd44 * AnswerGarden xopt * apply bsd44 * appres xreq * apropos bsd44 * ar Binutils * arithmetic bsd44 * arp bsd44 * atc bsd44 * autoconf Autoconf * autoheader Autoconf * autoreconf Autoconf * autoscan Autoconf * autoupdate Autoconf * auto_box xopt * auto_box xreq * b2m Emacs * backgammon bsd44 * bad144 bsd44 * badsect bsd44 * banner bsd44 * basename Shellutils * bash BASH * battlestar bsd44 * bc bc * bcd bsd44 * bdes bsd44 * bdftops Ghostscript * beach_ball xopt * beach_ball xreq * beach_ball2 xopt * bibtex TeX * biff bsd44 * bison Bison * bitmap xreq * boggle bsd44 * bpltobzr Fontutils * bugfiler bsd44 * buildhash Ispell * bzrto Fontutils * c++ GCC * c++filt Binutils * c2ph perl * ca100 xopt * caesar bsd44 * cal bsd44 * calendar bsd44 * canfield bsd44 * cat Textutils * cbars wdiff * cc GCC * cc1 GCC * cc1obj GCC * cc1plus GCC * cccp GCC * cdwrite mkisofs * cfengine cfengine * cgi Spinner * charspace Fontutils * checknr bsd44 * chess bsd44 * chflags bsd44 * chgrp Fileutils * ching bsd44 * chmod Fileutils * chown Fileutils * chpass bsd44 * chroot bsd44 * ci RCS * cksum Textutils * cktyps g77 * clisp CLISP * clri bsd44 * cmail xboard * cmmf TeX * cmodext xopt * cmp Diffutils * co RCS * col bsd44 * colcrt bsd44 * colrm bsd44 * column bsd44 * comm Textutils * compress bsd44 * comsat bsd44 * connectd bsd44 * cp Fileutils * cpicker xopt * cpio cpio * cpp GCC * cppstdin perl * cribbage bsd44 * crock xopt * csh bsd44 * csplit Textutils * ctags Emacs * ctwm xopt * cu UUCP * cut Textutils * cvs CVS * cvscheck CVS * cvtmail Emacs * cxterm xopt * d Fileutils * date Shellutils * dc bc * dd Fileutils * ddd DDD * delatex TeX * demangle Binutils * descend CVS * detex TeX * df Fileutils * dhtppd phttpd * diff Diffutils * diff3 Diffutils * digest-doc Emacs * dipress bsd44 * dir Fileutils * dirname Shellutils * dish xopt * disklabel bsd44 * diskpart bsd44 * dld dld * dm bsd44 * dmesg bsd44 * doschk doschk * dox xopt * du Fileutils * dump bsd44 * dump mkisofs * dumpfs bsd44 * dvi2tty TeX * dvicopy TeX * dvips TeX * dvitype TeX * ecc ecc * echo Shellutils * ed ed * edit-pr GNATS * editres xreq * edquota bsd44 * eeprom bsd44 * egrep grep * emacs Emacs * emacsclient Emacs * emacsserver Emacs * emacstool Emacs * emu xopt * env Shellutils * eqn Groff * error bsd44 * es es * esdebug es * etags Emacs * ex nvi * expand Textutils * expect DejaGnu * expr Shellutils * exterm xopt * f2c f2c * factor bsd44 * fakemail Emacs * false Shellutils * fastboot bsd44 * fax2ps HylaFAX * faxalter HylaFAX * faxanswer HylaFAX * faxcover HylaFAX * faxd HylaFAX * faxd.recv HylaFAX * faxmail HylaFAX * faxquit HylaFAX * faxrcvd HylaFAX * faxrm HylaFAX * faxstat HylaFAX * fc f2c * fdraw xopt * ffe g77 * fgrep grep * file bsd44 * find Findutils * find2perl perl * finger Finger * fingerd Finger * fish bsd44 * fixfonts Texinfo * fixinc.svr4 GCC * fixincludes GCC * flex flex * flex++ flex * fmt bsd44 * fold Textutils * font2c Ghostscript * fontconvert Fontutils * forth Tile Forth * forthicon Tile Forth * forthtool Tile Forth * fortune bsd44 * fpr bsd44 * freq Ispell * freqtbl Ispell * from bsd44 * fsck bsd44 * fsplit bsd44 * fstat bsd44 * ftp bsd44 * ftpd bsd44 * g++ GCC * gas Binutils * gawk GAWK * gcc GCC * gcore bsd44 * gdb GDB * genclass libg++ * gettext gettext * getty bsd44 * gftodvi TeX * gftopk TeX * gftype TeX * ghostview Ghostview * git GIT * gitaction GIT * gitcmp GIT * gitkeys GIT * gitmatch GIT * gitmount GIT * gitps GIT * gitredir GIT * gitrgrep GIT * gitview GIT * gitwipe GIT * gn GN * gnans Gnans * gnanslator Gnans * gnats GNATS * gnuchess Chess * gnuchessc Chess * gnuchessn Chess * gnuchessr Chess * gnuchessx Chess * gnuclient gnuserv * gnudoit gnuserv * gnupdisp Shogi * gnuplot gnuplot * gnuplot_x11 gnuplot * gnuserv gnuserv * gnushogi Shogi * gnushogir Shogi * gnushogix Shogi * go GnuGo * gpc xopt * gpc xreq * gperf cperf * gperf libg++ * gprof Binutils * graph Graphics * grep grep * grodvi Groff * groff Groff * grops Groff * grotty Groff * groups Shellutils * gs Ghostscript * gsbj Ghostscript * gsdj Ghostscript * gslj Ghostscript * gslp Ghostscript * gsnd Ghostscript * gsrenderfont Fontutils * gunzip gzip * gwm xopt * gzexe gzip * gzip gzip * h2ph perl * h2pl perl * hack bsd44 * hangman bsd44 * head Textutils * hello hello * hexdump bsd44 * hexl Emacs * hostname Shellutils * hp2xx hp2xx * hterm xopt * htmlencode phttpd * httpd apache * httpdecode phttpd * i18nOlwmV2 xopt * i2mif xopt * ico xopt * ico xreq * id Shellutils * ident RCS * ifconfig bsd44 * ifnames Autoconf * ImageMagick xopt * imageto Fontutils * iman xopt * imgrotate Fontutils * indent indent * indxbib Groff * inetd bsd44 * info Texinfo * inimf TeX * init bsd44 * initex TeX * inn bsd44 * install Fileutils * iostat bsd44 * isodiag mkisofs * isodump mkisofs * ispell Ispell * ixterm xopt * ixx xopt * join Textutils * jot bsd44 * jove bsd44 * kdestroy bsd44 * kdump bsd44 * kermit bsd44 * kgames xopt * kgmon bsd44 * kill bsd44 * kinit bsd44 * kinput2 xopt * klist bsd44 * kpasswdd bsd44 * ksrvtgt bsd44 * kterm xopt * ktrace bsd44 * lam bsd44 * larn bsd44 * lasergnu gnuplot * last bsd44 * lastcomm bsd44 * latex TeX * lclock xopt * ld Binutils * leave bsd44 * less less * lesskey less * libavcall.a ffcall * libbfd.a Binutils * libbfd.a GDB * libbzr.a Fontutils * libc.a C Library * libcompat.a bsd44 * libcurses.a bsd44 * libcurses.a ncurses * libdcurses.a ncurses * libedit.a bsd44 * libF77.a f2c * libF77.a g77 * libg++.a libg++ * libgdbm.a gdbm * libgf.a Fontutils * libgmp.a gmp * libgnanslib Gnans * libI77.a f2c * libI77.a g77 * libkvm.a bsd44 * libm.a bsd44 * libncurses.a ncurses * libnihcl.a NIHCL * libnihclmi.a NIHCL * libnihclvec.a NIHCL * libnls.a xreq * libobjects.a libobjects * liboctave.a Octave * liboldX.a xreq * libpbm.a Fontutils * libPEXt.a xopt * libpk.a Fontutils * libresolv.a bsd44 * librpc.a bsd44 * libsipp.a SIPP * libtcl.a DejaGnu * libtelnet.a bsd44 * libterm.a bsd44 * libtermcap.a Termcap * libtfm.a Fontutils * libutil.a bsd44 * libvacall.a ffcall * libWc.a xopt * libwidgets.a Fontutils * libX.a xreq * libXau.a xreq * libXaw.a xreq * libXcp.a xopt * libXcu.a xopt * libXdmcp.a xreq * libXmp.a xopt * libXmu.a xreq * libXO.a xopt * libXop.a xopt * libXp.a xopt * libXpex.a xopt * libXt.a xopt * libXt.a xreq * libXwchar.a xopt * liby.a bsd44 * libYgl.a Ygl * limn Fontutils * listres xopt * listres xreq * lkbib Groff * ln Fileutils * locate Findutils * lock bsd44 * logcvt-ip2n phttpd * logger bsd44 * login bsd44 * logname Shellutils * logo ucblogo * lookbib Groff * lorder bsd44 * lpr bsd44 * ls Fileutils * m4 m4 * mail bsd44 * mail-files Sharutils * mailshar Sharutils * make make * make-docfile Emacs * make-path Emacs * makeindex TeX * makeinfo Texinfo * MakeTeXPK TeX * man bsd44 * man-macros Groff * mattrib mtools * maze xopt * maze xreq * mazewar xopt * mc mc * mcd mtools * mcopy mtools * mcserv mc * mdel mtools * mdir mtools * me-macros Groff * merge RCS * mesg bsd44 * mf TeX * mformat mtools * mft TeX * mgdiff xopt * mh bsd44 * mille bsd44 * mkcache GN * mkdep bsd44 * mkdir Fileutils * mkfifo Fileutils * mkisofs mkisofs * mklocale bsd44 * mkmanifest mtools * mkmf bsd44 * mkmodules CVS * mknod Fileutils * mkstr bsd44 * mlabel mtools * mm-macros Groff * mmd mtools * monop bsd44 * more bsd44 * morse bsd44 * mount bsd44 * mountd bsd44 * movemail Emacs * mprof bsd44 * mrd mtools * mread mtools * mren mtools * ms-macros Groff * msgcmp gettext * msgfmt gettext * msgmerge gettext * msgs bsd44 * msgunfmt gettext * mst Smalltalk * mt cpio * mterm xopt * mtree bsd44 * mtype mtools * mule MULE * muncher xopt * mv Fileutils * mvdir Fileutils * mwrite mtools * nethack NetHack * netstat bsd44 * newfs bsd44 * nfsd bsd44 * nfsiod bsd44 * nfsstat bsd44 * nice Shellutils * nl Textutils * nlmconv Binutils * nm Binutils * nohup Shellutils * notify HylaFAX * nroff Groff * number bsd44 * objc GCC * objcopy Binutils * objdump Binutils * objective-c GCC * obst-boot OBST * obst-CC OBST * obst-cct OBST * obst-cgc OBST * obst-cmp OBST * obst-cnt OBST * obst-cpcnt OBST * obst-csz OBST * obst-dir OBST * obst-dmp OBST * obst-gen OBST * obst-gsh OBST * obst-init OBST * obst-scp OBST * obst-sil OBST * obst-stf OBST * oclock xreq * octave Octave * od Textutils * oleo Oleo * ora-examples xopt * p2c p2c * pagesize bsd44 * palette xopt * pascal bsd44 * passwd bsd44 * paste Textutils * patch patch * patgen TeX * pathalias bsd44 * pathchk Shellutils * pax bsd44 * pbmplus xopt * perl perl * pfbtops Groff * phantasia bsd44 * phttpd phttpd * pic Groff * pico pine * pig bsd44 * pine pine * ping bsd44 * pixedit xopt * pixmap xopt * pktogf TeX * pktype TeX * plaid xopt * plot2fig Graphics * plot2plot Graphics * plot2ps Graphics * plot2tek Graphics * pltotf TeX * pollrcvd HylaFAX * pom bsd44 * pooltype TeX * portmap bsd44 * ppt bsd44 * pr Textutils * pr-addr GNATS * pr-edit GNATS * primes bsd44 * printenv Shellutils * printf Shellutils * protoize GCC * proxygarb Spinner * ps bsd44 * ps2ascii Ghostscript * ps2epsi Ghostscript * ps2fax HylaFAX * psbb Groff * pstat bsd44 * psycho xopt * ptester phttpd * ptx ptx * pubdic+ xopt * puzzle xopt * puzzle xreq * pwd Shellutils * pyramid xopt * query-pr GNATS * quiz bsd44 * quot bsd44 * quota bsd44 * quotacheck bsd44 * quotaon bsd44 * rain bsd44 * random bsd44 * ranlib Binutils * rbootd bsd44 * rc rc * rcp bsd44 * rcs RCS * rcs-to-cvs CVS * rcs2log Emacs * rcsdiff RCS * rcsfreeze RCS * rcsmerge RCS * rdist bsd44 * reboot bsd44 * recode recode * recvstats HylaFAX * red ed * refer Groff * remsync Sharutils * renice bsd44 * repquota bsd44 * restore bsd44 * rev bsd44 * rexecd bsd44 * rlog RCS * rlogin bsd44 * rlogind bsd44 * rm Fileutils * rmail bsd44 * rmdir Fileutils * rmt cpio * rmt tar * robots bsd44 * rogue bsd44 * route bsd44 * routed bsd44 * rr xopt * rs bsd44 * rsh bsd44 * rshd bsd44 * runtest DejaGnu * runtest.exp DejaGnu * ruptime bsd44 * rwho bsd44 * rwhod bsd44 * s2p perl * sail bsd44 * saoimage SAOimage * savecore bsd44 * sc bsd44 * sccs bsd44 * sccs2rcs CVS * scdisp xopt * screen screen * script bsd44 * scsiformat bsd44 * sctext xopt * sdiff Diffutils * sed sed * send-pr GNATS * sendfax HylaFAX * sendmail bsd44 * sgi2fax HylaFAX * sgn GN * sh bsd44 * shar Sharutils * shinbun xopt * shogi Shogi * showfont xopt * showmount bsd44 * shutdown bsd44 * size Binutils * sj3 xopt * sjxa xopt * slattach bsd44 * sleep Shellutils * sliplogin bsd44 * snake bsd44 * snftobdf xopt * soelim Groff * sort Textutils * sos2obst OBST * spider xopt * split Textutils * startslip bsd44 * stf OBST * strings Binutils * strip Binutils * stty Shellutils * su Shellutils * sum Textutils * superopt Superopt * swapon bsd44 * sync bsd44 * sysctl bsd44 * syslogd bsd44 * systat bsd44 * tabs Termutils * tac Textutils * tail Textutils * taintperl perl * talk bsd44 * talkd bsd44 * tangle TeX * tar tar * tbl Groff * tcl DejaGnu * tclsh DejaGnu * tcopy bsd44 * tcp Emacs * tee Shellutils * tek2plot Graphics * telnet bsd44 * telnetd bsd44 * test Shellutils * test-g++ DejaGnu * test-tool DejaGnu * tetris bsd44 * tex TeX * tex3patch Texinfo * texi2dvi Texinfo * texindex Texinfo * texspell TeX * textfmt HylaFAX * tfmtodit Groff * tftopl TeX * tftp bsd44 * tftpd bsd44 * tgrind TeX * time time * timed bsd44 * timer Emacs * timex xopt * tip bsd44 * tkpostage xopt * tn3270 bsd44 * touch Fileutils * tput Termutils * tr Textutils * traceroute bsd44 * transcript HylaFAX * transfig xopt * trek bsd44 * trn3 bsd44 * troff Groff * trpt bsd44 * trsp bsd44 * true Shellutils * tset bsd44 * tsort bsd44 * tty Shellutils * ttygnans Gnans * tunefs bsd44 * tupdate gettext * tvtwm xopt * twm xreq * ul bsd44 * ulpc Spinner * umount bsd44 * uname Shellutils * uncompress gzip * unexpand Textutils * unifdef bsd44 * unify wdiff * uniq Textutils * unprotoize GCC * unshar Sharutils * unvis bsd44 * update bsd44 * updatedb Findutils * users Shellutils * uuchk UUCP * uucico UUCP * uuconv UUCP * uucp UUCP * uucpd bsd44 * uudecode Sharutils * uudir UUCP * uuencode Sharutils * uulog UUCP * uuname UUCP * uupick UUCP * uurate UUCP * uusched UUCP * uustat UUCP * uuto UUCP * uux UUCP * uuxqt UUCP * v Fileutils * vacation bsd44 * vandal xopt * vcdiff Emacs * vdir Fileutils * vftovp TeX * vgrind bsd44 * vi nvi * viewres xopt * viewres xreq * vine xopt * vipw bsd44 * virmf TeX * virtex TeX * vis bsd44 * vmstat bsd44 * vptovf TeX * w bsd44 * waisgn GN * wakeup Emacs * wall bsd44 * wargames bsd44 * wc Textutils * wdiff wdiff * weave TeX * what bsd44 * whatis bsd44 * whereis bsd44 * who Shellutils * whoami Shellutils * whois bsd44 * window bsd44 * winterp xopt * wish DejaGnu * worm bsd44 * worms bsd44 * write bsd44 * wump bsd44 * x11perf xreq * x2p perl * xalarm xopt * xancur xopt * xargs Findutils * xauth xreq * xbfe Fontutils * xbiff xopt * xbiff xreq * xboard xboard * xboing xopt * xbuffy3 xopt * xcalc xopt * xcalc xreq * xcalendar xopt * xcdplayer xopt * xcell xopt * xclipboard xreq * xclock xreq * xcmdmenu xopt * xcms xopt * xcmsdb xreq * xcmstest xreq * xco xopt * xcolorize xopt * xcolors xopt * xconsole xreq * xcrtca xopt * xdaliclock xopt * xdiary xopt * xditview Groff * xditview xopt * xditview xreq * xdm xreq * xdpyinfo xreq * xdu xopt * xdvi TeX * xdvi xopt * xdvorak xopt * xearth xopt * xed xopt * xedit xopt * xedit xreq * xev xopt * xev xreq * xexit xopt * xeyes xopt * xeyes xreq * xfd xreq * xfed xopt * xfedor xopt * xfeoak xopt * xferstats HylaFAX * xfig xopt * xfontsel xopt * xfontsel xreq * xforecast xopt * xgas xopt * xgas xreq * xgc xopt * xgc xreq * xgettext gettext * xhearts xopt * xhelp xopt * xhost xreq * xinit xreq * xkeycaps xopt * xkill xreq * xlax xopt * xlayout xopt * xlbiff xopt * xless xopt * xload xopt * xload xreq * xlogin xopt * xlogo xreq * xlsatoms xreq * xlsclients xreq * xlsfonts xreq * xmag xreq * xmail xopt * xmailbox xopt * xmailwatcher xopt * xman xopt * xman xreq * xmandel xopt * xmessage xopt * xmeter xopt * xmh xreq * xmh-icons xopt * xmh.editor xopt * xmodmap xreq * xmon xopt * xmove xopt * xmphone xopt * xpd xopt * xphoon xopt * xpipeman xopt * xplot Graphics * xpostit xopt * xpr xopt * xpr xreq * xprompt xopt * xproof xopt * xprop xreq * xpserv xopt * xrdb xreq * xrefresh xreq * xrsh xopt * xrubik xopt * xrunclient xopt * xscope xopt * xscreensaver xopt * xsession xopt * xset xreq * xsetroot xreq * xshogi xshogi * xstdcmap xreq * xstr bsd44 * xtalk xopt * xterm xreq * xterm_color xopt * xtetris xopt * xTeXcad.13 xopt * xtiff xopt * xtree xopt * xtv xopt * xwd xreq * xwininfo xreq * xwud xreq * yacc bsd44 * yes Shellutils * youbin xopt * yow Emacs * zcat gzip * zcmp gzip * zdiff gzip * zforce gzip * zgrep gzip * zmore gzip * znew gzip * [ Shellutils
We offer Unix
source code on tapes in tar format on these media:
The contents of the various tapes for Unix systems are the same; only the media are different. For prices, see the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form. Source code for the manuals & reference cards is included (see section GNU Documentation).
Some of the files on the tapes are compressed with gzip to allow
more files on each tape. Refer to the top-level `README' file at the
beginning of each tape for instructions on uncompressing them.
uncompress and unpack do not work!
This tape contains programming tools: compilers, interpreters and, related programs (parsers, translators, debuggers, linkers, etc.).
* Binutils 2.6 * Bison 1.24 * C Library 1.09 * cperf 2.1a * DejaGnu 1.2 * dld 3.2.3 * ecc 1.2.1 * f2c 1995.02.24 * flex 2.5.2 * g77 0.5.17 * GAWK 2.15.6 * GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.7.2 * GDB 4.15.1 * gdbm 1.7.3 * gettext 0.10 * gmp 1.3.2 * gzip 1.2.4 * indent 1.9.1 * libg++ 2.7.1 * libobjects 0.1.3 * make 3.74 * ncurses 1.9.4 * NIHCL 3.1.4 * OBST 3.4.3 * Octave 1.1.1 * p2c 1.20 * perl 4.036 * perl 5.001 * regex 0.12 * rx 0.05 * Smalltalk 1.1.1 * Superopt 2.5 * Texinfo 3.6 * Tile Forth 2.1 * ucblogo 3.3
This tape has Common Lisp systems and libraries, GNU Emacs, assorted extensions that work with Emacs, manuals, & a few other important utilities.
* Calc 2.02c * CLISP 1995.12.04 * CLX 5.02 * Common Lisp 2.2 * Elib 0.06 * Emacs 18.59 * Emacs 19.28 * Emacs 19.30 * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Ed. 1.03 for Version 18 * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Ed. 2.4 for Version 19.29 * gnuserv 2.1alpha * gzip 1.2.4 * Hyperbole 4.01 * make 3.74 * MULE 2.3 * PCL 2.2 * Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction Ed. 1.04 * Texinfo 3.6 * W3 2.2.25
This tape consists mostly of smaller utilities and miscellaneous applications.
* acm 4.7 * Autoconf 2.7 * BASH 1.14.5 * bc 1.03 * cfengine 1.2.14 * cfengine 1.2.22 * Chess 4.0.pl75 * cpio 2.3 * CVS 1.6 * Diffutils 2.7 * doschk 1.1 * ed 0.2 * es 0.84 * Fileutils 3.12 * Findutils 4.1 * Finger 1.37 * Fontutils 0.6 * Ghostscript 2.6.2 * Ghostview 1.5 * Ghostview for Windows 1.0 * GIT 4.3.6 * GNATS 3.2 * GnuGo 1.2 * gnuplot 3.5 * Graphics 0.17 * grep 2.0 * Groff 1.10 * gzip 1.2.4 * hello 1.3 * hp2xx 3.1.4 * HylaFAX 3.0.0 * Ispell 3.1.20 * less 2.9.0 * m4 1.4 * make 3.74 * MandelSpawn 0.07 * mc 3.0 * mkisofs 1.04 * mm 1.07 * mtools 2.0.7 * NetHack 3.1.3 * nvi 1.34 * Oleo 1.6 * patch 2.1 * pine 3.91 * ptx 0.4 * rc 1.4 * RCS 5.7 * readline 2.0 * recode 3.4 * SAOimage 1.16 * screen 3.7.1 * sed 2.05 * Sharutils 4.2 * Shellutils 1.12 * Shogi 1.2.3 * tar 1.11.8 * Termcap 1.3 * Termutils 2.0 * Texinfo 3.6 * Textutils 1.13 * time 1.6 * UUCP 1.06.1 * wdiff 0.5 * xboard 3.4.pl0 * xshogi 1.2.03 * Ygl 3.0.3
Scheme is a simplified, lexically-scoped dialect of Lisp. It was designed at MIT and other universities to teach students the art of programming and to research new parallel programming constructs and compilation techniques.
This tape now has MIT Scheme 7.3, which conforms to the "Revised^4 Report On the Algorithmic Language Scheme" (MIT AI Lab Memo 848b), for which TeX source is included. It is written partly in C, but is presently hard to bootstrap. Binaries that can be used to bootstrap it exist for: HP 9000 series 300, 400, 700, & 800 (running HP-UX 9.0), NeXT (NeXT OS 2 or 3.2), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), IBM RS/6000 (AIX), Sun-3 or Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1), DECstation 3100/5100 (Ultrix 4.0), Sony NeWS-3250 (NEWS OS 5.01), & Intel i386 (MS-DOS, Windows 3.1 or NT). If your system is not on this list & you don't enjoy the bootstrap challenge, see "JACAL" in section GNU Software.
The two X11 tapes contain Version 11, Release 6 of the X Window System.
The first tape has all of the core software, documentation, & some
contributed clients. We call this the "required" X tape since it is
necessary for running X or Emacs under X. The second, "optional" tape
has contributed libraries & toolkits, the Andrew User Interface System,
games, etc.
The X11 Required tape also contains all fixes and patches released to date.
We update this tape as new fixes and patches are released for programs on
both tapes. See section Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service.
While supplies last, we will distribute X11R5 on the section November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM.
The "4.4BSD--Lite" release is the last from the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California at Berkeley. It has most of the BSD software system, except for a few files that remain proprietary. It is much more complete than the previous "Net2" release.
We offer two VMS tapes. One has just GNU Emacs 18.59 (none of the other
software on the section Lisps/Emacs Tape, is included). The other has GCC
2.3.3, Bison 1.19 (to compile GCC), gas 1.38 (to assemble GCC's output), and
some library and include files (none of the other software on the
section Languages Tape, is included). We are not aware of a GDB port for
VMS. Both VMS tapes have DEC VAX executables from which you can bootstrap,
as the DEC VMS C compiler cannot compile GCC. We do not have executables
for DEC Alpha VMS systems.
Please do not ask us to devote effort to VMS support, because it is
peripheral to the GNU Project.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of everyone, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it ... Inventions then cannot, in nature, be a subject of property.
- Thomas Jefferson
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We offer these CD-ROMs:
Our CD-ROMs are in ISO 9660 format & can be mounted as a read-only file system on most computers. If your driver supports it you can mount each CD with "Rock Ridge" extensions (the MS-DOS CD-ROM is only in ISO 9660 format), & it will look just like an ordinary Unix file system, rather than one full of truncated & otherwise mangled names that fit vanilla ISO 9660.
You can build most of the software without copying the sources off the CD. You only need enough disk space for object files and intermediate build targets.
If a business or organization is ultimately paying, the December 1995 Source CDs costs $240. It costs $60 if you, an individual, are paying out of your own pocket. The December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM costs $220 for a business or organization, and $55 for an individual.
The software on our disks is free; anyone can copy it and anyone can run it. What we charge for is the physical disk and the service of distribution.
We charge two different prices depending on who is buying. When a company or other organization buys the December 1995 Source CD-ROMs, we charge $240. When an individual buys the same CD-ROM, we charge just $60. This distinction is not a matter of who is allowed to use the software. In either case, once you have a copy, you can distribute as many copies as you wish and there's no restriction on who can have or run them. The price distinction is entirely a matter of what kind of entity pays for the CD.
You, the reader, are certainly an individual, not a company. If you are buying a disk "in person", then you are probably doing so as an individual. But if you expect to be reimbursed by your employer, then the disk is really for the company; so please pay the company price and get reimbursed for it. We won't try to check up on you--we use the honor system--so please cooperate.
Buying CDs at the company price is very helpful for GNU; just 140 Source CDs at that price support an FSF programmer or tech writer for a year.
In the past, our distribution tapes have been ordered mainly by companies. The CD at the price of $240 provides them with all of our software for a much lower price than they would previously have paid for six different tapes. To lower the price more would cut into the FSF's funds very badly and decrease the software development we can do.
However, for individuals, $240 is too high a price; hardly anyone could afford that. So we decided to make CDs available to individuals at the lower price of $60.
Our stated prices are minimum prices. Feel free to pay a higher price if you wish to support GNU development more. The sky's the limit; we will accept as high a price as you can offer. Or simply give a donation (tax-deductible in the U.S.) to the Free Software Foundation, a tax-exempt public charity.
We now have the third edition of our CD-ROM that has binaries and complete sources for GNU compiler tools for some systems which lack a compiler. This enables the people who use these systems to compile GNU and other free software without having to buy a proprietary compiler. You can also use these GNU tools to compile your own C/C++/Objective-C programs. Older editions of this CD are available while supplies last at a reduced price; see the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form.
We hope to have more systems on each update of this CD. If you can help build binaries for new systems (especially those that don't come with a C compiler), or have one to suggest, please contact us at the addresses on the top menu.
These packages:
* DJGPP 1.12m4 from GCC 2.6.3 * GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.7.1 * GNU C Library 1.09 * GDB 4.15.1 * Binutils 2.6 * Bison 1.24 * Emacs 19.29 (MS-DOS only) * Flex 2.5.2 * Make 3.74 * libg++ 2.7.1
On these platforms:
*i386-msdos*hppa1.0-hp-hpux9*sparc-sun-solaris2*sparc-sun-sunos4.1
We are working on our first book describing GNU Software for MS-DOS,
but we do not know when it will be finished.
It will include a CD-ROM with all the sources & binaries on the MS-DOS
Diskettes and more.
Please do NOT contact us about this book until we announce it on our
mailing lists (to subscribe, ask
[email protected]), because it just slows us
down.
We are working on our first book describing Debian GNU/Linux
but we do not know when it will be finished.
Please do NOT contact us about this book until we announce it on our
mailing lists (ask [email protected] to
subscribe), because it just slows us down.
A CD will be inside the book with sources & binaries for Debian GNU/Linux,
which is a complete operating system for i386/i486/Pentium. It is a
GNU/Linux system--that is to say, a variant GNU system which uses Linux as
the kernel. (All the systems now available that use the Linux kernel are
GNU/Linux systems, see item "Linux" in section Free Software for Microcomputers.)
Debian is being developed by Ian Murdock and the Debian Association in conjunction with the Free Software Foundation. We are distributing it as an interim measure until the GNU kernel (the Hurd) is ready for users.
For details on Debian & how to help, see URL: `http://www.debian.org/'
or FTP, `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/DEBIAN' from a GNU FTP host (see section How to Get GNU Software).
FTP Debian under `/debian' from ftp.debian.org.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Those that give up their freedom in the name of security deserve neither.
- Benjamin Franklin
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We have several versions of our Source Code CD-ROMs available, including:
The older Source CDs are available while supplies last at a reduced price
(please note that the December 1994 Source CD is permanently out of stock).
All the Source CDs have Texinfo source for the GNU manuals listed in
section GNU Documentation.
The VMS tapes' contents are not included. Many programs that are
only on MS-DOS diskettes & not on the tapes are also not included.
The MIT Scheme & X11 Optional tapes' contents are not on the older
Source CDs.
See section Tapes & section MS-DOS Diskettes.
There are no precompiled programs on these Source CDs. You will need a C compiler (programs which need some other interpreter or compiler normally provide the C source for a bootstrapping program). We ship C compiler binaries for some systems on the section December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM.
The 7th edition of our Source CD is out! Due to increasing amounts of GNU Software, the Source Code CD is now a two disc set--the price remains unchanged! It contains these packages, & some manuals that are not part of packages:
* acm 4.7 * apache 0.8.8 * Autoconf 2.7 * BASH 1.14.5 * bc 1.03 * Binutils 2.5.2 * Binutils 2.6 * Bison 1.24 * C Library 1.09 * Calc 2.02c * cfengine 1.2.21 * Chess 4.0.pl75 * CLISP 1995.08.12 * Common Lisp 2.2 * cperf 2.1a * cpio 2.3 * CVS 1.6 * DDD 1.3b * DejaGnu 1.2.9 * Diffutils 2.7 * dld 3.2.3 * doschk 1.1 * ecc 1.2.1 * ed 0.2 * Elib 0.07 * Elisp archive * Emacs 18.59 * Emacs 19.28 * Emacs 19.29 * Emacs 19.30 * es 0.84 * f2c 1995.11.18 * ffcall 1.0 * Fileutils 3.12 * Findutils 4.1 * Finger 1.37 * flex 2.5.2 * Fontutils 0.6 * g77 0.5.17 * GAWK 2.15.6 * GCC/G++/Objective C 2.7.1 * GDB 4.15.1 * gdbm 1.7.3 * gettext 0.9a * Ghostscript 2.6.2 * Ghostview 1.5 * Ghostview for Windows 1.0 * GIT 4.3.7 * gmp 1.3.2 * GN 2.23 * Gnans 1.5 * GNATS 3.2 * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, Ed. 1.03 for Version 18.59 * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, Ed. 2.4 for Version 19.29 * GnuGo 1.2 * gnuplot 3.5 * gnuserv 2.1alpha * Graphics 0.17 * grep 2.0 * Groff 1.09 * gzip 1.2.4 * hello 1.3 * hp2xx 3.1.4 * HylaFAX v3.0pl0 * Hyperbole 4.01 * indent 1.9.1 * Ispell 3.1.20 * less 290 * libg++ 2.7.1 * libobjects 0.1.3 * m4 1.4 * make 3.74 * mc 3.0 * MIT Scheme 7.3 * mkisofs 1.04GNU * mtools 2.0.7 * MULE 2.3 * ncurses 1.9.7a * NetHack 3.1.3 * NIHCL 3.1.4 * nvi 1.34 * Oaklisp 93.07.23 * OBST 3.4.3 * Octave 1.1.1 * Oleo 1.6 * p2c 1.20 * patch 2.1 * perl 4.036 * perl 5.001 * phttpd 0.99.68 * pine 3.91 * Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction, Ed. 1.04 * ptx 0.4 * rc 1.4 * RCS 5.7 * recode 3.4 * regex 0.12 * rx 0.05 * SAOimage 1.08 * screen 3.7.1 * sed 2.05 * Sharutils 4.1 * Shellutils 1.12 * Shogi 1.2p03 * SIPP 3.1 * Smalltalk 1.1.1 * SNePS 2.3.1 * Spinner 1.0b11 * Superopt 2.5 * tar 1.11.8 * Termcap 1.3 * TeX 3.145 * Texinfo 3.6 * Textutils 1.13 * Tile Forth 2.1 * time 1.6 * tput 1.0 * ucblogo 3.3 * UUCP 1.06.1 * W3 2.2.25 * wdiff 0.5 * X11R6 * xboard 3.3.pl3 * xgrabsc 2.41 * xshogi 1.2p03 * Ygl 3.0.2
We still have the 6th edition of our Source CD at a reduced price while supplies last. Not all FSF distributed software is included (see section Source Code CD-ROMs). It contains these packages, and some manuals that are not part of packages:
* acm 4.7 * Autoconf 2.4 * BASH 1.14.5 * bc 1.03 * Binutils 2.5.2 * Bison 1.24 * C Library 1.09 * Calc 2.02c * cfengine 1.0.4 * Chess 4.0.pl74 * CLISP 1995.04.25 * Common Lisp 2.1 * cperf 2.1a * cpio 2.3 * CVS 1.3 * DejaGnu 1.2 * Diffutils 2.7 * dld 3.2.3 * doschk 1.1 * ecc 1.2.1 * ed 0.2 * elib 0.06 * Emacs 18.59 * Emacs 19.28 * Emacs 19.29 * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Ed. 1.03 for Version 18 * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Ed. 2.4 for Version 19.29 * es 0.84 * f2c 1995.02.24 * Fileutils 3.12 * Findutils 4.1 * Finger 1.37 * flex 2.5.2 * Fontutils 0.6 * g77 0.5.15 * GAWK 2.15.6 * GCC/G++/Objective C 2.6.3 * GCC/G++/Objective C 2.7.0 * GDB 4.14 * gdbm 1.7.3 * Ghostscript 2.6.2 * Ghostview 1.5 * Ghostview for Windows 1.0 * GIT 4.3.6 * gmp 1.3.2 * GNATS 3.2 * GnuGo 1.1 * gnuplot 3.5 * Graphics 0.17 * grep 2.0 * Groff 1.09 * gzip 1.2.4 * hello 1.3 * hp2xx 3.1.4 * HylaFAX 3.0.pl0 * indent 1.9.1 * Ispell 3.1.18 * less 2.90 * libg++ 2.6.2 * libg++ 2.7.0 * libobjects 0.1.3 * m4 1.4 * make 3.74 * MandelSpawn 0.07 * mkisofs 1.03GNU * mtools 2.0.7 * MULE 2.2 * ncurses 1.9.1 * NetHack 3.1.3 * NIHCL 3.1.4 * nvi 1.34 * OBST 3.4.3 * Octave 1.1.1 * Oleo 1.6 * p2c 1.20 * patch 2.1 * PCL 2.1 * perl 4.036 * perl 5.001 * pine 3.91 * Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction Ed. 1.03 for Version 19 * ptx 0.4 * rc 1.4 * RCS 5.7 * recode 3.4 * regex 0.12 * rx 0.05 * screen 3.6.2 * sed 2.05 * Sharutils 4.1 * Shellutils 1.12 * Shogi 1.2p03 * Smalltalk 1.1.1 * Superopt 2.5 * tar 1.11.8 * Termcap 1.2 * TeX 3.1415 * Texinfo 3.6 * Textutils 1.12 * Tile Forth 2.1 * time 1.6 * tput 1.0 * ucblogo * UUCP 1.05 * wdiff 0.5 * X11R6 * xboard 3.2.pl2 * xshogi 1.2p03 * Ygl 2.9.5
We still have the 3rd edition of our Source CD, at a reduced price, while supplies last. It was the last Source Code CD to contain X11R5. This CD has Edition 2.2 for version 19 of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual & some additional software; not all FSF distributed software is included (see section Source Code CD-ROMs). It contains these packages:
* acm 3.1 * Autoconf 1.7 * BASH 1.13.4 * bc 1.02 * Binutils 1.9 2.3 * Bison 1.22 * C Library 1.06.7 * Calc 2.02b * Chess 4.0p62 * CLISP 93.11.08 * cpio 2.3 * CVS 1.3 * dc 0.2 * DejaGnu 1.0.1 * Diffutils 2.6 * dld 3.2.3 * doschk 1.1 * ecc 1.2.1 * elib 0.06 * Emacs 18.59 * Emacs 19.21 * es 0.84 * f2c 1993.04.28 * Fileutils 3.9 * find 3.8 * Finger 1.37 * flex 2.3.8 * Fontutils 0.6 * GAS 1.36.utah * GAS 1.38.1 * GAS 2.2 * GAWK 2.15.3 * GCC/G++/Objective C 2.5.4 * GDB 4.11 * gdbm 1.7.1 * Ghostscript 2.6.1 * Ghostview 1.5 * Ghostview for Windows 1.0 * gmp 1.3.2 * GNATS 3.01 * GnuGo 1.1 * gnuplot 3.5 * cperf 2.1a * Graphics 0.17 * grep 2.0 * Groff 1.08 * gzip 1.2.4 * hello 1.3 * hp2xx 3.1.3a * indent 1.8 * Ispell 4.0 * less 177 * libg++ 2.5.1 * m4 1.1 * make 3.69.1 * MandelSpawn 0.06 * mtools 2.0.7 * MULE 1.0 * NetFax 3.2.1 * NetHack 3.1.3 * NIHCL 3.0 * Oleo 1.5 * p2c 1.20 * patch 2.1 * PCL 93.03.18 * perl 4.036 * ptx 0.3 * rc 1.4 * RCS 5.6.0.1 * recode 3.2.4 * regex 0.12 * screen 3.5.2 * sed 1.18 2.03 * Shellutils 1.9.1 * Shogi 1.1p02 * Smalltalk 1.1.1 * Superopt 2.3 * tar 1.11.2 * Termcap 1.2 * TeX 3.1 * Texinfo 3.1 * Tile Forth 2.1 * time 1.6 * time 1.6 * tput 1.0 * UUCP 1.04 * uuencode 1.0 * wdiff 0.04 * X11R5
The FSF distributes some of the GNU software ported to MS-DOS, on 3.5inch 1.44MB diskettes. These disks have both sources and executables.
We offer DJGPP on 30 diskettes. For further details, see section GNU Software. The DJGPP diskettes contain the following:
* Binutils 2.5.2 * Bison 1.22 * Diffutils 2.6 * DJGPP 1.12m4 * flex 2.4.7 * GCC/G++ 2.6.3 * GDB 4.12 * Groff 1.09 * gzip 1.24 * libg++ 2.6.2 * make 3.71 * patch 2.1 * sed 1.18 * Texinfo 3.1
Two versions of GNU Emacs are included on the Emacs diskettes we distribute: GNU Emacs version 19.29 handles 8-bit character sets; the other, MULE version 2.2, handles 16-bit character sets including Kanji.
The GNUish MS-DOS Project ported GNU software to PC compatibles. Though
GNUish is no longer active, users still ask for these ports done some years
ago. We offer these ports on five diskettes.
In general, the ports run on 8086/80286--based 16-bit machines; an 80386 is
not required. Some are necessarily missing features.
Included are:
cpio,
diff,
find,
flex,
gdbm,
grep,
indent,
less,
m4,
make,
ptx,
RCS,
sed,
shar,
sort,
&
Texinfo.
We offer GNU Chess and gnuplot for Microsoft Windows on a single
diskette.
If you do not have net access, our subscription service enables you to stay current with the latest GNU developments. For a one-time cost equivalent to three tapes or CD-ROMs (plus shipping in some cases), we will ship you four new versions of the tape of your choice or the Source Code CD-ROM. The tapes are sent each quarter; the CD-ROMs are sent as they are issued (currently twice a year, but we hope to make it more frequent).
Regularly, we will send you a new version of a Lisps/Emacs, Languages, Utilities, or X Window System (X11R6) Required tape, or the Source CD-ROM. The MIT Scheme and X Window System Optional tapes are not changed often enough to warrant quarterly updates. We do not yet know if we will be offering subscriptions to the Compiler Tools Binaries or our new Books with CD-ROM.
Since Emacs 19 is on the Lisps/Emacs Tape and the Source CD-ROM, a subscription to either is an easy way to keep current with Emacs 19 as it evolves.
A subscription is an easy way to keep up with the regular bug fixes to the X Window System. We update the X11R6 Required tape as fixes and patches are issued throughout the year. Each edition of the section Source Code CD-ROMs, also has updated sources for the required part of the X Window System.
Please note: In two cases, you must pay 4 times the normal shipping required for a single order when you pay for each subscription. If you're in Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico you must add $20.00 for shipping for each subscription. If you're outside of U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico, you must add $80.00 for each subscription. See "Unix and VMS Software" and "Shipping Instructions" on the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form.
The Free Software Foundation has been asked repeatedly to create a package that provides executables for all of our software. Normally we offer only sources. In addition to providing binaries with the source code, the Deluxe Distribution includes a complete set of our printed manuals and reference cards.
The FSF Deluxe Distribution contains the binaries and sources to hundreds of different programs including GNU Emacs, the GNU C Compiler, the GNU Debugger, the complete X Window System, and all the GNU utilities.
We will make a Deluxe Distribution for most machines/operating systems. We may be able to send someone to your office to do the compilation, if we can't find a suitable machine close to us. However, we can only compile the programs that already support your chosen machine/system -- porting is a separate matter (to commission a port, consult the GNU Service Directory; details in section Free Software Support). Compiling all these programs takes time; a Deluxe Distribution for an unusual machine will take longer to produce than one for a common machine. Please contact the FSF Office with any questions.
We supply the software in one of these tape formats in Unix tar
format:
1600 or 6250bpi 1/2in reel,
Sun DC300XLP 1/4in cartridge -- QIC24,
IBM RS/6000 1/4in c.t. -- QIC 150,
Exabyte 8mm c.t., or
DAT 4mm c.t.
If your computer cannot read any of these, please contact us to see if we
can handle your format.
The manuals included are one each of the Bison, Calc,
GAWK, GNU C Compiler, GNU C Library, GDB,
Flex, GNU Emacs Lisp Reference, Programming in Emacs
Lisp: An Introduction, Make, Texinfo, & Termcap
manuals; six copies of the GNU Emacs manual; and a packet of ten
reference cards each for Emacs, Bison, Calc, Flex, & GDB.
Every Deluxe Distribution also has a copy of the latest editions of
our CD-ROMs
that have sources of our software & compiler tool
binaries for some systems. The MS-DOS CD is in ISO 9660 format. The other
CDs are in ISO 9660 format with Rock Ridge extensions.
The price of the Deluxe Distribution is $5000 (shipping included). These sales provide enormous financial assistance to help the FSF develop more free software. To order, please fill out the "Deluxe Distribution" section on the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form and send it to:
Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Telephone: +1-617-542-5942 Fax (including Japan): +1-617-542-2652 Electronic mail: [email protected]
GNU is dedicated to having quality, easy-to-use online & printed documentation. GNU manuals are intended to explain underlying concepts, describe how to use all the features of each program, & give examples of command use. GNU manuals are distributed as Texinfo source files, which yield both typeset hardcopy via the TeX document formatting system and online hypertext display via the menu-driven Info system. Source for these manuals comes with our software; here are the manuals that we publish as printed books. See the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form, to order them.
Most GNU manuals are bound as soft cover books with lay-flat bindings. This allows you to open them so they lie flat on a table without creasing the binding. They have an inner cloth spine and an outer cardboard cover that will not break or crease as an ordinary paperback will. Currently, the GDB, Emacs, Emacs Lisp Reference, Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction, GAWK, Make, Bison, & Texinfo manuals have this binding. The other GNU manuals also lie flat when opened, using a GBC or Wire--O binding. All our manuals are 7in by 9.25in except the 8.5in by 11in Calc manual.
The edition number of the manual and version number of the program listed after each manual's name were current at the time this Bulletin was published.
Debugging with GDB (Edition 4.12 for Version 4.14) tells how to run your program under GNU Debugger control, examine and alter data, modify a program's flow of control, and use GDB through GNU Emacs.
The GNU Emacs Manual (11th Edition for Version 19.29) describes editing with
GNU Emacs. It explains advanced features, including outline mode and
regular expression search; how to use special programming modes to write
languages like C++ and TeX;
how to use the tags utility;
how to compile and correct code; how to make your own keybindings; and
other elementary customizations.
Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction (Edition 1.04) is for people who are not necessarily interested in programming, but who do want to customize or extend their computing environment. If you read it in Emacs under Info mode, you can run the sample programs directly.
The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual (Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) and The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference, Japanese Edition (Japanese DRAFT Revision 1.0, from English Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) covers this programming language in depth, including data types, control structures, functions, macros, syntax tables, searching/matching, modes, windows, keymaps, byte compilation, and the operating system interface.
The GAWK Manual (Edition 0.16 for Version 2.16) tells how to use the
GNU implementation of awk. It is written for those who have never
used awk and describes the features of this powerful string and
record manipulation language.
The Make Manual (Edition 0.49 for Version 3.74) describes GNU
make, a program used to rebuild parts of other programs. The manual
tells how to write makefiles, which specify how a program is to be
compiled and how its files depend on each other. Included are an
introductory chapter for novice users and a section about automatically
generated dependencies.
The Flex manual (Edition 1.03 for Version 2.3.7) teaches you to
write a lexical scanner definition for the flex program to create a
C++ or C-coded scanner that recognizes the patterns defined. You need
no prior knowledge of scanners.
The Bison manual (December 1993 Edition for Version 1.23) teaches you how to write context-free grammars for the Bison program that convert into C-coded parsers. You need no prior knowledge of parser generators.
Using and Porting GNU CC (September 1994 Edition for Version 2.6) tells how to run, install, and port the GNU C Compiler to new systems. It lists new features and incompatibilities of GCC, but people not familiar with C will still need a good reference on the C programming language. It also covers G++. We are doing limited copier runs of this manual until it becomes more stable.
The Texinfo manual (Edition 2.21 for Version 3) explains the markup language that produces our online Info documentation & typeset hardcopies. It tells you how to make tables, lists, chapters, nodes, indexes, cross references, & how to catch mistakes. This second edition describes over 50 new commands.
The Termcap Manual (2nd Edition for Version 1.2), often described as "twice as much as you ever wanted to know about termcap," details the format of the termcap database, the definitions of terminal capabilities, and the process of interrogating a terminal description. This manual is primarily for programmers.
The C Library Reference Manual (Edition 0.06 for Version 1.09)
describes the library's facilities, including both what Unix calls
"library functions" & "system calls." We are doing small copier runs
of this manual until it becomes more stable. Please send fixes to
[email protected].
The Emacs Calc Manual (Edition 2.02 for Version 2.02) is both a tutorial and a reference manual. It tells how to do ordinary arithmetic, how to use Calc for algebra, calculus, and other forms of mathematics, and how to extend Calc.
All the software & publications from the Free Software Foundation are distributed with permission to copy and redistribute. One way to get GNU software is to copy it from someone else who has it. You can also get GNU software directly from the FSF by ordering diskettes, tapes, CD-ROMs, or Books with CD-ROMs. Such orders provide most of the funds for the FSF staff to develop more free software, so please support our work by ordering from the FSF if you can. See the see section Free Software Foundation Order Form.
There are also third party groups who distribute our software; they do not work with us, but can provide our software in other forms. Some are listed in section Free Software Redistributors Donate; also see section Free Software for Microcomputers. Please note that the Free Software Foundation is not affiliated with them in any way and is not responsible for either the currency of their versions or the swiftness of their responses.
If you decide to do business with a commercial distributor of free software, ask them how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free software development projects or by writing free software themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can help encourage support for free software development.
Our main FTP host is very busy & limits the number of logins. Please
use one of these other Internet sites that also provide GNU software via
FTP (program: ftp, user: anonymous,
password: your e-mail address, mode: binary). If you have
FTP access but can't reach one of these hosts, you can get the software the
same way from GNU's main FTP host, prep.ai.mit.edu (IP address:
18.159.0.42). For more details & additional hosts, get the
files `/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE' and
`/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FTP' from any host.
Most of the files on the FTP sites are compressed with gzip to
lessen FTP traffic. Refer to the `/pub/gnu/=README-about-.gz-files'
on each FTP site for instructions on uncompressing them. uncompress
and unpack do not work!
ftp.sun.ac.za.
utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp,
cair-archive.kaist.ac.kr.
archie.au
(archie.oz for ACSnet).
ftp.cs.ubc.ca.
ftp.technion.ac.il.
ugle.unit.no,
ftp.funet.fi,
ftp.denet.dk,
ftp.vms.stacken.kth.se (in `[.GNU-VMS]'),
src.doc.ic.ac.uk
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de,
ftp.win.tue.nl,
ftp.eunet.ch,
irisa.irisa.fr,
archive.eu.net.
ftp.cs.columbia.edu,
vixen.cso.uiuc.edu,
ftp.hawaii.edu,
mango.rsmas.miami.edu (VMS GCC),
wuarchive.wustl.edu,
ftp.uu.net (in `/systems/gnu'),
gatekeeper.dec.com.
Those who can UUCP can get instructions via e-mail from [email protected] (Europe). For those with no Internet access, see section Free Software Support, for how to get electronic mail & file transfer via UUCP.
There is a GNU & improved T-shirt. The front
has the GNU Emacs Lisp code (USE 'GNU) with "()" being the
dancing parentheses from the cover of our GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
Manual (drawn by Berkeley, CA artist Etienne Suvasa). The back of the
shirt is still imprinted with the Preamble to the GNU General Public
License.
These shirts come in two colors, Natural & Black. Natural is an off-white, unbleached, undyed, environment-friendly cotton, printed with black ink, & is great for tye-dyeing or displaying as is. Black is printed with white ink & is perfect for late night hacking. All shirts are thick 100% cotton, & come in sizes M, L, XL, & XXL. GNU shirts often create spontaneous friendships at technical conferences and on major university campuses! (They also make great gifts!)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Strive for perfection in everything. Take the best that exists and make it better. If it doesn't exist, create it. Accept nothing nearly right or good enough.
- Sir Henry Royce, co-founder of Rolls-Royce
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We do not provide support for GNU software on most microcomputers because it is peripheral to the GNU Project. However, we are willing to publish information about groups who do support and maintain them. If you are aware of any such efforts, please send the details, including postal addresses, archive sites, and mailing lists, to either address on the top menu.
See section MS-DOS Diskettes and section CD-ROMs, for microcomputer software available from the FSF. Please do not ask us about any other software. We do not maintain any of it and have no additional information.
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You can get more info from a GNU FTP host (listed in section How to Get GNU Software) in the file `/pub/gnu/MicrosPorts/Amiga'.
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See USENET newsgroups, such as comp.sys.atari.st.tech, for
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ftp-os2.cdrom.com
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emx port, which also features GDB and many
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Wishes for this issue are for:
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[email protected].
Thanks to Jill and Professor Donald Knuth
of Stanford University for their regular, substantial
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Thanks to all those mentioned elsewhere in this & past Bulletins.
Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Laboratory for Computer Science, and Project Athena all at MIT for their invaluable assistance.
Ulrich Drepper for invaluable work on the GNU C library; Erich Boyeln for working on Mach & a new boot loader; Shantanu Goel for working on Mach device drivers; & Kazumoto Kojima for porting the Hurd to the MIPS. Thanks to the many companies & organizations who have bought our Deluxe Distribution; to Simon Karpen, Scott Kay, Reuven Lerner, Chuck Campbell, Robert Lopez, Mike Miscevic, Timothy Mooney, Kay Nettle, Alan Schwartz, Jason Verch, & Karl Vogel for helping to build Deluxe Distributions; David Krikorian, James DuPrie, & David Caswell for helping test our MS-DOS CD; Peter Ford, Joan Quigley, & Douglas Alan for helping master GNU CDs;
For their help in Japan, thanks to: Nobuyuki Hikichi, Mieko Hikichi, Ken'ichi Handa, Prof. Masayuki Ida, Yukitoshi Fujimura, Prof. Takafumi Hayashi, Takeshi Hayashi, & Mr. Nakamura. Thanks to the Hewlett Packard Computer Users' Association in Japan for their quarterly donations. Thanks to the Nihon Sun Users Group & Hitachi, Ltd. for their generous contributions. Thanks to Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd., A.I. Soft, Village Center, Inc., ASCII Corporation, & many others in Japan, for their continued donations & support.
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Thanks to all who have lent or donated machines, including: the Open Software Foundation for two 386s; Tadashi Kobayashi of Toshiba Corporation & Shinichi Mochizuki of Toshiba America for a T4850 notebook computer; Cygnus Support for a SPARCstation; Delta Microsystems for an Exabyte tape drive; an anonymous donor for a 4mm DAT cartridge drive; Concentra, Inc. for four HP workstations; Network Computing Devices, Inc. for three NCD X-terminals; Russ Button for two SCSI disk drives; Simson Garfinkel for an NCD X-terminal; IBM Corp. for an Exabyte tape drive & an RS/6000; Hewlett-Packard for a dozen computers; CMU's Mach Project for a Sun-3/60; Intel Corp. for their 386 machine; NeXT for their workstation; MIT's Media Laboratory for an HP 68020; SONY Corp. & Software Research Associates, Inc., both of Tokyo, for three SONY News workstations; an anonymous donor for a Sun-3/280; Liant Software Corp. for 5 VT100s; several anonymous donors & Rocky Bernstein for IBM RT/PC hardware & manuals.
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======
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